War from the 16th Century to the Invention of Gunpowder Essay -- Artil

War from the 16th Century to the Invention of GunpowderThe invention of the powerful artillery guns would change mans role in warring engagements. The artillery guns at first were very limited by their own design. The guns were very heavy and had to be transported by water, which meant that alone towns and fortresses that were close to a body of water could be attacked with artillery also known as the cannon. There were also some fortresses that were impervious to the early cannon attacks based on strong designs or natural defenses. The French were able to penetrate the round shaped castles and large walls during the late 1400s by using difficult fire of several small guns instead of a few large ones. A new design of smaller walls that were built in uneven lines, want a star shape, was implemented to strengthen the area called crownworks or hornworks. Other modifications of new designs included lower and thicker walls, gun towers that projected at an angle, intervals of guns for fields of fire, full and deep ditches, and pillboxes. Of course with the new design of castles came new ways to attack. Some effective ways to attack these castles, but also rare ways to attack, were by surprise, by storm, or by treachery. The most common way to attack the castles were long term engagements that consisted of either surrounding the castle or getting in close enough that the castles guns would be ranged over the position. The long-term methods consisted of starving out the population, forcing surrender, or by mining and bombardment from close range. The use of firepower also began to put together an end to the use of headlong charges and hand-to-hand combat during the Renaissance years. The differences between firearms and the bow were obscene at the beginning of the rifles evolution. An archer could accurately hit a target at lengths of 200 meters and discharge ten arrows a minute, whereas the arquebus, or rifleman, only had accuracy at 100 meters and took several proceeding to reload. Although the new weapons at primacy did not have the accuracy or the range of the bow, the Italians immediately implemented them into their arsenals. The greatest advantage of the early rifles was that the weapon could be master in a matter of months, but it could take up to ten years to master the bow. Eventually the muskets overtook the battlefield, replacing t... ...rength of China laid in the kindle amounts of personnel serving in the armed forces. Japan made quick use of the new weapons, but concentration was not focused on quick reloading. The Japanese put more training into accuracy and developed the volley in order to maintain a succession of well-aimed shots. The castles of Japan were also limited to sustain against any type of horizontal attack. The walls were built in front of the hills and backed strongly by the earth. Once stability was restored the Japanese empire began a phase of demilitarization by outlawing guns, tearin g down fortifications of defeated enemies, and forbidding books concerning military matters. In both empires of the Far East, sieges were made by mass assaults, mining, or blockades sort of than by bombardment.WORKS CITEDParker, Geoffrey. The Military Revolution MilitaryInnovation and the Rise of the West 1500-1800.(Cambridge, United KingdomCambridge University Press,1996). Chap 1-4Preston, Richard A., Alex Roland, and Sydney F. Wise. MenIn Arms A History of Warfare and its interrelationshipsWith Western Society. (Belmont, CaliforniaWadsworth/Thomson Learning, 2001). Chap 8

The Etiology and Treatment of Parkinson Disease Essay -- Health Aging

Parkinson DiseaseThere exists a group of people who live the terminal years of their lives in glass boxes. They ar perfectly capable of seeing outside, but incapable of reaching out to the world around them. Their emotions can non be shown through facial expression, and as their condition continues, speech also becomes difficult or even impossible. These people are men and women of all races and geographic areas, constituting one percent of the worlds population over 50 years old. Parkinson malady is their affliction. Although Parkinsonism has been around virtually as long as recorded history, there is yet to be found a cause or a cure. Medications tame the symptoms and prolong life, but are incapable of reversing the disease progression.. Diagnosis relies exclusively upon clinical signs and symptoms, because almost all laboratory and radiography tests are normal in the Parkinson patient. For this reason early diagnosis is very difficult. The accompaniment that early signs of P arkinsonism can considerably be overlooked as normal aging, further complicates diagnosis. Therefore, primary care physicians of the middle-aged and elderly population mustiness be extremely sensitive to patients outbound appearance and changes in movement ability. Most signs and symptoms of Parkinson disease correspond to one of three motor deficiencies bradykinesia, akinesia, tremor, and rigidity. The first both qualities are usually present to begin with tremor, but often attributed to aging by the patient and even the physician, and thus the disease is rarely diagnosed until tremor becomes evident much later. An average of 80% of the nigrostriatal neurons may have already degenerated by the time Parkinsonism is diagnosed, which complicates treatment (Fitzgerald, 130). Bra... ...ed. Bailliere Tindall. London 1985. Kandel, E. R., J. H. Schwarz, and T. M. Jessel. Principles of Neural Science. 3rd ed. Elsevier. New York 1991. Korczyn, A. D. autonomic Nervous System Disturban ces in Parkinsons Disease. Advances in Neurology. Vol. 53, 1990, Pp., 463-468. Langston, J. W. Current Theories on the Cause of Parkinsons Disease. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry. 1989, suppl. ,pp. 13-i7. Lees, AJ. The On-Off Phenomenon. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry. 1989, suppl. ,pp. 29-37. Lieberman, A., Emerging Perspectives in Parkinsons Disease. Neurology. April 1992. suppl 4.. Pp. 5-7. Rowland, L. P., ed. Merritts Textbook of Neurology. 7th ed. Lea and Febiger. Philadelphia 1984. Walton, Sir John. headways Diseases of the Nervous System. 9th ed. Oxford University Press. Oxford 1985. The Etiology and Treatment of Parkinson Disease Essay -- Health Aging Parkinson DiseaseThere exists a group of people who live the final years of their lives in glass boxes. They are perfectly capable of seeing outside, but incapable of reaching out to the world around them. Their emotions can not be shown through facial expression, and a s their condition continues, speech also becomes difficult or even impossible. These people are men and women of all races and geographical areas, constituting one percent of the worlds population over 50 years old. Parkinson disease is their affliction. Although Parkinsonism has been around almost as long as recorded history, there is yet to be found a cause or a cure. Medications tame the symptoms and prolong life, but are incapable of reversing the disease progression.. Diagnosis relies exclusively upon clinical signs and symptoms, because almost all laboratory and radiography tests are normal in the Parkinson patient. For this reason early diagnosis is very difficult. The fact that early signs of Parkinsonism can easily be overlooked as normal aging, further complicates diagnosis. Therefore, primary care physicians of the middle-aged and elderly population must be extremely sensitive to patients outward appearance and changes in movement ability. Most signs and symptoms of Parki nson disease correspond to one of three motor deficiencies bradykinesia, akinesia, tremor, and rigidity. The first two qualities are usually present before tremor, but often attributed to aging by the patient and even the physician, and thus the disease is rarely diagnosed until tremor becomes evident much later. An average of 80% of the nigrostriatal neurons may have already degenerated by the time Parkinsonism is diagnosed, which complicates treatment (Fitzgerald, 130). Bra... ...ed. Bailliere Tindall. London 1985. Kandel, E. R., J. H. Schwarz, and T. M. Jessel. Principles of Neural Science. 3rd ed. Elsevier. New York 1991. Korczyn, A. D. Autonomic Nervous System Disturbances in Parkinsons Disease. Advances in Neurology. Vol. 53, 1990, Pp., 463-468. Langston, J. W. Current Theories on the Cause of Parkinsons Disease. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry. 1989, suppl. ,pp. 13-i7. Lees, AJ. The On-Off Phenomenon. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry. 19 89, suppl. ,pp. 29-37. Lieberman, A., Emerging Perspectives in Parkinsons Disease. Neurology. April 1992. suppl 4.. Pp. 5-7. Rowland, L. P., ed. Merritts Textbook of Neurology. 7th ed. Lea and Febiger. Philadelphia 1984. Walton, Sir John. Brains Diseases of the Nervous System. 9th ed. Oxford University Press. Oxford 1985.

Portrayal of Man in Dostoevskys The Brothers Karamazov Essay example -

Portrayal of Man in The Brothers Karamazov Debauchery, dueling, infidelity, orgies, and even monastery life are all used to help Fyodor Dostoevesky define his characters in The Brothers Karamazov. At the parentage of the novel, the reader becomes filled with contempt for a few members of the Karamazov family, yet filled with admiration for others. The legitimate members of the Karamasov family each represent a separate aspect of adult male character, which is applicable to society. In some ways the characters resemble separate factions and cliques of society that most often argue, but together can be productive. This is shown not by direct implication, but rather the reader discovers the fact on their own by becoming infuriated at the stupidity of the Karamazov men. This anger leads to the realization that in many ways, they themselves are in some ways similar to them.Fyodor Pavlovich Karamasov is the patriarch of the family. A shrewd businessman, Fyodor is very self-centered an d cares more for himself than anyone else. He is a splendid man for making deals and increasing his wealth, but manages to be oblivious of manners and societal rules. A tendency to act is an enormous fault in him, and he leaves an impression of having no deeply personal feelings, precisely overzealous acting to fit his role at any given time. When Fyodors first wife dies Dostoevesky explains, What seemed to mollycoddle and flatter him most was to play the ridiculous part of the injured husband and to parade his woes with embellishments(4). Because he has little, if any personal feelings, this enables him be indifferent towards others emotions. Happiness is the only cause worth pursuing to Fyodor, and he will cross anyone to achieve it. Wh... ...e in their own ways. When searching for separate goals, and conflicting with each other, they can fulfill very little. The more inner-conflict within the family, the more problems they seem to find themselves in. These men, representing different aspects of society and humankind, have problems that they cannot solve on their own. If the Karamazovs were to work together towards a roughhewn goal, much could become accomplished, just as society could solve many conflicts through teamwork and cooperation. The characters in the novel The Brothers Karamazov show the reader that most societal conflicts are unnecessary and could easily be remedied through understanding and patience.WORKS CITED Dostoevesky, Fyodor Mikhailovich. The Brothers Karamazov. The Constance Garnett Translation revised by Ralph E. Matlaw. New York W. W. Norton & Company Inc., 1976

Reading :: essays research papers

A.C Peterson Farms1) I feel that this ice cream community has provided examples of matrix structure because it9is a structure in which the task of the institution is grouped along with two organizing dimension simutanelously.2) Advantages of centralizing decision making for a firm like AC Paterson Farms are more control to conk managers and maximizing efficiency. The main disadvantage is it may limit the organization to respond quickly and effectively to changes in the environment.Chocolate and Much More1) The company in regards to the organisational design must be integrating mechanism, which is a method for managing the flow of information, resources, and tasks within the organization.2) The repercussion of moving into new international markets without the appropriate organizational design could be a disaster. With no formulated plan the merge in to foreign countries will result in failure.3) I recommend that the company seek optional plans that will benefit the strategic plan and mission of the organization.Ethic Case1) If I were in Toms position I too wold feel very uneasy. Although with serious though Tom was chosen as the laison of production this mean his peers and boss trust his work. Also I would larn a plan that would benefit the company as a whole not just one department. 2) I would recommend to Tom advice the two departments to execute on a weekly basis to restructure communication lines. From there the two should negotiate the plans for the company and realistic accomplishments for the two departments.3) No I butt not think of any other organizational relationships or situations that might lead to a similar problem.Ethic CaseI. Dobbs Electronics Manufacturing Company production and manufacturing departments name stopped communicating, which has created many problems for the company.II. Manufacturing and production departments at the electronics manufacturing company have halted all communications. The success of the gross sales can depend on presise delivery of the product. To do this sales representatives have promised shipment due date before the production department can produce the item. This had lead to rushing through the job, working overtime, and reducing railway car downtime for maintance. Top management has recognized the problem and know they need to reestablish the communication between the two departments. In attempt to solve the situation a liaison for each department was appointed. Tom Short is the liaison for the production department, his feelings towards the assignment deal with the concern of the way his boss and peers will view him and his mightiness to work.

Jamestown Essay -- essays research papers

JamestownIn the sixteenth century, Eng take down was one of the most powerful countries in the world. England was also in dire need of gold at this time. In an effort to alleviate the countrys financial burdens, King Henry VIII decided to seize land owned by the Catholic Church. Henry then sold the already inhabited land to investors, and its residents were forced out. These people and their descendants would eventually become some of the fortune-seeking colonists that would settle the States during Englands try at Imperialism. In the early 1600s England need money once again, and this time it decided to by settling the new land to the west of them. Instead of actually funding these colonial expeditions, England would issue charters to joint tune companies. These companies consisted of wealthy English investors who would all give some money to finance the trips and would share in the riches if they succeeded or lost their money of they failed. Most of the time the benefits of the ir investments would outweigh the risks. For England, this was a win-win situation. Since England did not pay for the voyages or the colonies themselves, England wouldnt set down the money if they failed. If the companies succeeded, England was entitled to a percentage of the profits and became its ultimate authority. Englands first colony was established in 1607 by a joint stock company, and was named Jamesto...

computer virus :: essays research papers

OverviewIn the following report, ready reckoner viruses will be explained in detail. A lengthy and informative description of the evolution and floor on microcomputer viruses will be given, to give you a background of their origin for some understanding of how they came to be.The next segment in the report is on how to combat computer viruses with the development of anti-virus applications.The current status of microcomputer viruses will also be discussed, naming the most common references of viruses and the most harmful type at this present point in time.Details of the most juvenile outbreaks of computer viruses, such as the Melissa, I Love You and the most recent Anna Kournikova viruses will be explained, and why they are so harmful.I will also give you my recommendations on how to combat this threat of computer viruses, what Anti-virus Applications that I look at should be used, and why updating your virus definitions for these programs on a regular basis is so vital and imp ortant in your quest to have a happy and uninfected computer.And finally, I give you my conclusion in which I can only hope that you will find helpful. A History Of data processor VirusesThe term Virus was not used to describe a self-replicating computer program until the American electrical engineer named Fred Cohen associated the term with it in 1983.In the 1950s at Bell Laboratories, John von Neumanns theory in which he made in 1949 was put to the test. His theory stated that it was (MS Encarta 98, Virus computer, History) theoretically possible for a computer program to replicate. His theory was tested after a game called Core Wars was developed whereby (MS Encarta 98, Virus computer, History) Players created tiny computer programs that attacked, erased, and tried to propagate on an opponents system.In the late 1960s through to the early 1970s, the program called The Rabbit was constantly appear on the mainframes at the time. Kaspersky (www.avp.ch) These programs cloned themse lves, occupied system resources, thus lowering the productivity of the system. These viruses were only localised, as they did not spread from one system to another(prenominal) and are thought to have only been pranks or mistakes by programmers. The Univac 1108 and IBM 360/370 systems were infected with one of the first known computer viruses, Pervading Animal. This virus attached itself to executable files, which damaged the infected file. In 1986 the first stealth virus hit IBM Compatible PCs, called the BRAIN virus.

computer virus :: essays research papers

OverviewIn the following report, data processor viruses will be explained in detail. A lengthy and informative description of the evolution and invoice on microcomputer viruses will be given, to give you a background of their origin for some understanding of how they came to be.The next segment in the report is on how to combat computer viruses with the development of anti-virus applications.The current status of microcomputer viruses will also be discussed, naming the most common shells of viruses and the most harmful type at this present point in time.Details of the most fresh outbreaks of computer viruses, such as the Melissa, I Love You and the most recent Anna Kournikova viruses will be explained, and why they are so harmful.I will also give you my recommendations on how to combat this threat of computer viruses, what Anti-virus Applications that I imagine should be used, and why updating your virus definitions for these programs on a regular basis is so vital and importan t in your quest to have a happy and uninfected computer.And finally, I give you my conclusion in which I can only hope that you will find helpful. A History Of information processing system VirusesThe term Virus was not used to describe a self-replicating computer program until the American electrical engineer named Fred Cohen associated the term with it in 1983.In the 1950s at Bell Laboratories, John von Neumanns theory in which he made in 1949 was put to the test. His theory stated that it was (MS Encarta 98, Virus computer, History) theoretically possible for a computer program to replicate. His theory was tested after a game called Core Wars was developed whereby (MS Encarta 98, Virus computer, History) Players created tiny computer programs that attacked, erased, and tried to propagate on an opponents system.In the late 1960s through to the early 1970s, the program called The Rabbit was constantly visual aspect on the mainframes at the time. Kaspersky (www.avp.ch) These progr ams cloned themselves, occupied system resources, thus lowering the productivity of the system. These viruses were only localised, as they did not spread from one system to another(prenominal) and are thought to have only been pranks or mistakes by programmers. The Univac 1108 and IBM 360/370 systems were infected with one of the first known computer viruses, Pervading Animal. This virus attached itself to workable files, which damaged the infected file. In 1986 the first stealth virus hit IBM Compatible PCs, called the BRAIN virus.

Fail to plan, plan to fail: A look at a yearly operating business plan Essay

Marketing planIntroductionExecutive summary duo accompevery is a manufacture that deals with electronics increases. The company has been in the market for many years and so it has been established well in the market. The company has come up with a small electronic bed clothing box that depart improve the quality and the public convenience of bulks life. duo company has what it takes to introduce the freshly overlap to the market.Marketing plan Dyad electronics is a well-established electronics company that deals with the manufacture of efficient electronics harvest-tides for home and industries. The company moves with the current technology where it comes up with new crops within a very short of clip. Dyad electronics company ask come up with small appliances that will be every effective in homes and manufacturing. The product is a self-scooping litter box with secrecy hood the small appliance has also a clean litter compartment and a disposing tray. The old litter w ould be disposed in the disposing tray ones the scooping setting has at rest(p) off. This is the prototypal small litter box electronic product that have been introduced in the market. The mission of the Dyad company is to enable consumers to improve the quality and convenience of their lives by providing advanced-quality, innovative electronic solutions.Product support of mission statement The mission of the company concentrates more on improving the quality and convenience of piles life by providing them with quality electronics solutions. The new electronic product that Dyad company have designed will improve the of large numbers life because people will no longer use their manual(a) methods of litter collection in their homes that poses danger to their health. The test on this product shows that it will be pickings a very little time to collect a lot of litter. This is true evidence that the new product will improve the convenience of peoples life. It is easy to go pastl e the product and being an electronic product, it does non mean that it poses any danger to the customers because the product is very convenient to use and it is quickly available. The features of this product go hand in hand with the mission of the company.Target market Homes and industries atomic number 18 the main lead for the new products. Many individuals have been employ the manual way of collecting litter in their homes. The manual ways of collecting litter take a lot of time and they are not effective. Despite their inconveniences of those methods, they are still commonly used and that is why this product mainly targets homes. Some industries produces dangerous waist that cannot be collected using the manual method and thus the electronic litter box will be appropriate. The company is targeting this industry where it is planning to supply this product in large numbers. The target market is also found on demographic where people of 35 to 65 years are the main target. Th is is because people of these ages are the ones who have volumed families and they undergo a lot of hardship in their family cleaning and that is why the company targets this people.Competition analysisRivalry There are many handsome electronics company that make makes rivalry to be stiffer. Many companies in the market competing for few customers make the competition in the market to increase. Malware Company is one of the biggest companies in the industry where it has established its brand and logo in the market. This company is the biggest rival of the Dyad Company.Threat of substitute The competition situation in the market based on substitutes threat is not a competition threat to the Dyad Company. This is because litter box is a unique product that has neer been in the market. Is a new product and thus thither are no substitute products for it but because of creativity in the market, the substitute will be eventually be in the market.Buyer power In the electronic market, t he dealers are powerful because they join hands and decide on which company to buy from this makes it hard for companies to sell themselves in the market. The only way for a company to sell itself in the company is by producing quality products that will convince buyers. supplier power Competition in this market has been very simple for Dyad Company this is because suppliers in this market are concentrated. They supply to companies that they are well conscious(predicate) of. Dyad Company has new products which require different suppliers and thus it will be hard to establish new suppliers.Threats of new entry There a lot of new companies that are joining the industry, these companies are offering their products at a twopennyer price and thus they attract more customers especially the ones who do not believe in product or company loyalty.SWOT analysisStrength Dyad company has established itself well in the market. Its old products are well known in the market because of their quali ty and their convenience. This will make it easy for the company to introduce a new product in the industry without any struggle. The second strengths involve its financial status. The company has very low debt compared to credit and this makes it have enough money for the preparations of marketing the new product and thus it will offer this product at a lower price. The low price will make many customers to prefer the product in a greater way because the buyers are used of new expensive products. Lastly, the team of designers of Dyad Company has introduced a production process that is convenient in footing of labor and raw materials. This is a unique production process in the industry that will ensure the company produces cheap but quality products. The magnate to produce cheap products and the establishment in the market are they key strengths that will ensure that the company gets victory as far as competition is concerned.Weaknesses The company offers credit to its intermediar ies for the industry only. This is one of the biggest weaknesses because the company is featuring to another(prenominal) line of products where it will require new suppliers. The companys financial level cannot be compared with that of other companies like Malware. This is a weakness because the company will not be in a position to compete well in the market. The remainder weakness is that the company is introducing a product which is new in the market. The product will take time and a lot of companys resources in order to feature into the market.Opportunities The company has a good relationship with the suppliers and thus it will be easy to find other suppliers to who will be coiffe to supply raw materials for the new product. The company has established itself well into the industry and it has many loyal customers (Incus, 2014). This is one of the greatest opportunities because the new product will have people to buy it and to market it in the industry. The new product that the company is planning to produce is different is a unique one and thus there is no other substitute in the market. This is an opportunity because there will be no competition in the market as far as the new product is concerned (Sarkis, 2014).Threat The major threat of the company is the introduction of a new product which people do not know. That is one of the threats because people may not accept it because of buyers ignorance of new products. There is a high entry of new companies in the market with high level of creativity and thus it will take short time for them to come up with a substitute of the new product and that means that the product will face a lot of competition. The buyers in the market concentrate in one companies and this is a big threat because buyers may divert to another company (Skripsky, 2012).Marketing objectives Dyad company is planning to make sure that the litter box will be of good quality and convenient to use. The new product will be sold at a cheaper pri ce that will be convenient for all the buyers regardless of their financial status. The product will be distributed to all the customers around the market. The distribution will be efficient to ensure that the product is effective all around. The company will also cast a promotion plan that will ensure the product is known in the market.Marketing strategyProduct The product will be designed in such a way that it will be convenient to use. This will ensure that all member of the community are given a chance to use the product. The product will also be cheap for it to serve all members of the community. Lastly, the litter box will not have any harm consequences that will affect the consumers.Price The company will use the new design of production process in order to produce cheap product. The price will also be low as a way of product promotion. The company has been in the market for a long time and thus it has made a lot of profit. These profits will be used to produce the product a t lower price. The aim of the company is not just to design a litter box but a litter box that will be convenient to all.Distribution The company has a plan to buy more cars that will be used for distribution of the new product to the market. This will ensure that the buyers get the products wherever they are and with the pay off convenience.Promotion Dyad Company has a plan to order many promotion strategies that will ensure the product is well known in the market. Online, coupons and visiting card promotions strategies will be the main focus of the company. The above mix will ensure that the objectives of the company have been achieved because they all go hand in hand with the objectives.Tactics and action plan The young team of designers will be amenable of the product quality and design. The designers will come up with a product which will be the best in the market. The company has already started ordering distribution cars. The prize of the product will be agreed by the li velong committee after all the calculations have been done on the production process. The promotion strategies will be conducted by the information technology team.TimelinePromotion The first six weeksProduct One monthDistribution One mothPrice Three weeksImplementation plan The management of the company will be responsible of monitoring all the strategies in order to make sure that the plan is implemented to the last point. Promotion strategy will be monitored by finished accessing how buyers are becoming aware of the product in the market. The product progress will be monitored through accessing the quality of the product and also views from the consumers. The prize of the product will be monitored through the views from the consumers of the product. Distribution will be monitored through accessing the efficiency of distribution process.TimelinePromotion The first week before launching the productProduct Two weeks after the launch of the productDistribution One week after the lau nchPrice One month after the launch of the productReferenceSkripsky, H. (2012). Fail to plan, plan to fail A look at a yearly operating business plan. Journal of Retail & unemployed Property, 282-286.Source document

Mormonism – Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints

I. IntroductionMormons is the common name of members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, a Christian system to United States origin. The name is from the prophet Mormon, whose writings, members suppose, form the sacred Book of Mormon.The present-day church is descended from the persecuted sect that established a self-sufficient colony in the staring(a) dessert of Utah in 1847. The Mormons still have their major strength in Utah, but have expanded into other sections of the country and have do converts in many foreign countries. Headquarters argon in Salt Lake City, Utah (Davies, 2003).The purpose of this study is to (1) know the history of Mormonism (2) analyze the beliefs, practices, and organization of the performance from a biblical (Christian) perspective and (3) explain the movements response to Biblical claims of Jesus Christ as well as why or why non I believe this group deserves the label of Contemporary Religious Movement (Cult).II. BackgroundA. Histo ryMormonism was founded by Joseph metalworker (1805-1844), who lived as a youth come out Palmyra, western New York. At 14 he began to have visions. In 1827, he announced that after revelation in 1823 he found chromatic plates with hieroglyphics, which he translated with divine aid and published as the Book of Mormon (1830). The golden plates were not made public, but 11 men testified that they had designn them. Smith founded the church in 1830 with sex members. The sect grew rapidly in numbers ( wonder of Martin Harris).In 1831 the Mormons established their first temple in Kirtland, Ohio, near Cleveland, but the group suffered disgusting financial problems and lost many of its members.Other Mormons settled in Independence, Missouri. Soon forced to move because of the hostility of their neighbors, they next founded the townspeople of their neighbors, they next founded the town of farthest West in Caldwell County. In 1838-39 they were driven out of Missouri because of religious p rejudice and fear of Mormon political power.The refugees next settled in Commerce, Illinois, and renamed the town Nauvoo. Here on swampy land along the Mississippi the Mormons built an impressive city of about 20,000, then the largest city in Illinois. Again in that location was religious persecution and bitter strife over the growing political power of the Mormons. A new source of conflict was the doctrine of polygamy introduced by Joseph Smith. In 1844, Smith was murdered by a mob. Because of continued harassment by their neighbors, the Mormons abandoned Nauvoo in 1846 (Mormonisms History, 2006).III. DiscussionThe Mormons believe their church is the true modern successor of the earlier church of Jesus Christ. The churchs aim is to prep atomic number 18 the world, by the preaching of the restored gospel and the founding of the Latter-day Zion, for the Messiahs second advance and the advent of the millennium.A. BeliefsThe Mormons accept the record book as sacred and look upon th e Book of Mormon as equal to it in authority. But I strongly believe that there is no book in the world that would equal to the Bible, not even the Book of Mormons because this Scripture (Bible) is immortal-breathed as stated in second timothy chapter 3 verse 16 All Scripture is God-breathed and is useful for teaching, rebuking, correcting, and training in righteousness. This would mean that the writers of the Bible are inspired and anointed by the Spirit of God (Barlow, 1997).The Book of Mormons tells the history of an ancient band of Jewish exiles believed by Mormons to be the ancestors of the American Indians but the Bible is silent about it. Other books of scripture are the Doctrine and Covenants, a collection of revelations given through the founder, Joseph Smith and the Pearl of Great Price, containing the writings-not found in the Bible-which Mormons believe are revelation of Abraham and Moses. Moreover, I action that the church should not be under the beliefs of its founde r but should be go aftered by the teachings of Jesus Christ, who is the head of the church.The Mormons believe in continuous revelation by God. Yes, I agree to it but the revelation must always be in the context of the Scripture thus, anything that is not in the interchange of God is not of God. In addition, the Mormons believe that God the Father and his son Jesus Christ appeared to Joseph Smith. Individual members may receive revelations from God for the guidance of their own lives. But save one man at a time may receive revelations from God for the whole church, and he is the president of the whole church. Mormons emphasize faith in Jesus Christ and repentance for sins (Barlow, 1997).I disagree to what the Mormons believe because no one ever sees God. Even Moses and Abraham and other great men of God did not see him face to face because no one can stand in his presence for he is a Holy God. When God appeared to Moses, God showed himself in a form of burning bush and Moses tre mbled because of Gods presence. Moreover, God can do anything he wants to do because he is an omnipotent God. He can give tongue to to different people at the same time. He doesnt barely reveal himself and chat to the leader of the church but also reveal himself and speak to us individually through the Holy Spirit and his words because God has no favoritism.B. PracticesThe Mormons baptize by immersion for the remission of sins and practice laying of pass on for the gift of the Holy Spirit. Holy Communion is celebrated with bread and water. In the Bible, the remission of sin is through the blood of Jesus Christ. Water baptism is mentioned in the Bible but it simply signifies that you buried your old life and new life has waited for you.The Mormons have two practices exclusive with them baptism for the dead and celestial marriage. Baptism for the dead is chiefly for ancestors not baptized as Mormons a living person is baptized in proxy for the dead. A celestial marriage is one in which a play off is married under the authority of the priesthood in a Mormon temple and is sealed for eternity so that in the celestial kingdom the family the family relationship go away be resumed. Marriages outside a temple are for life on earth only (Givens, 1997). From the 1840s until 1890, Mormon doctrine permitted plural marriage, or polygamy. I would say that these teachings are not found and written in the Bible. Our marriage to our partner here on earth is only temporary.Mormon temples are used only for secret rites, primarily those of celestial marriage and baptism of the dead. They are open only to Mormons of good standing. Sunday services are held in local churches called ward halls, and non-Mormons are welcomed. Visitors may also enter the Tabernacle in Salt Lake City, which is used for conferences and concerts (Davies, 2003).Mormonism looks upon health as a spiritual value and bans the use of liquor, tobacco, coffee, and tea. Recreation is encouraged. thither is emp hasis on education and on work and thrift. The church operates a vast welfare program for its members who are in need, and it disapproves of public aid. Members support the church by tithing (giving one-tenth of their gross income). On the other hand in the Bible, we are taught that our body is the temple of the Living God as stated in first Corinthians chapter 6 verses 19-20 that is why we should take care of our bodies because we need to glorify Godbody, soul and Spirit.IV. ConclusionIn conclusion, I will base my belief according to the word of God which is theBible so I would say that Mormonism or the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints is a cult because it does not follow fully to the word of God. They have practices and beliefs which cannot be found in the Scripture. As I said earlier, anything that is not from the word of God is not of God. Though they may claim that they believe on Jesus Christ yet their practices are not in line the teachings of Jesus.Reference1. Mor monisms History. CHRISTIAN APOLOGETICS AND RESEARCH MINISTRY. http//www.carm.org/lds/beginning.htm 2006.2. Interview of Martin Harris. https//user.xmission.com/research/about/docum4.htm3. Barlow, Philip L. (1997). Mormons and the Bible The Place of the Latter-Day Saints in American Religion. Oxford University Press. New York.4. Davies, Douglas J. (2003). An Introduction to Mormonism. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge, England.5. Givens, Terryl L. (1997). The Viper on the Hearth Mormons, Myths, and the Construction of Heresy. Oxford University Press. New York

Change and Cultural Case Study

Six months after the merger of Mercy Medical Hospitals and the Promedica wellness Systems, the new administration initiated a squargon reduction in conveyforce. The decision was made to redesign patient care delivery. The administrations first work redesign recommendation was that of a universal worker. The universal worker would deliver m each support services. Although this is non a fail proof constitution, the administration cute another(prenominal) options to be considered as well.The term universal worker is used when a person is cross trained in many departments, and therefore has a little more assignment flexibility. They are often used in call centers and hospitals to alleviate staff shortages and provide better service without the difficulties of processing so many referrals or dealing with call transfers (webAnswers. com2010). Depending upon the narrowting, universal worker may be more beneficial. One area that would fall within this area would be assisted living f acilities some of which have been affected since the merger.While some assisted living facilities still operate within this model, the industry as a whole is moving toward a more holistic approach to care in which the universal worker attends to all the daily living needs of their residents assistance with ADLs, meal service, light housekeeping, laundry, programming, etc. Rather than dealing with four or five different people to have their needs met, residents are subject to meet to one or two staff members who in reality know them and are familiar with their needs, their routines, their likes and dislikes.The result is care that is more personal, customized and consistent (Widdes, 1996). An additional benefit is increase efficiency in staffing, i. e. , while the caregiver is assisting a resident with his bathing, dressing and so on, he or she may also be able to dish out other duties, instead than having to call someone to dust off a countertop or clean a bathroom. Ultimatel y, this approach can result in increase staffing efficiencies. . The universal worker approach also seems to enhance demarcation satisfaction.Feedback from the staff indicates that they enjoy be responsible for the resident as a whole rather than only one aspect of their care. It is a feeling that undoubtedly enhances the caregivers sense of job importance (Widdes, 1996). Training staff to assume responsibilities across departments and even more challenging, reshaping their attitudes and approach to care is an undertaking that requires a commitment to training, retraining and diligent follow up.It is imperative that management be very such(prenominal) in tune with this philosophy. Because this model often fails when implemented, there are only certain departments such as assisted living that the universal worker would actually be implemented in. For the majority of the facility, we would look at job redesign. In order for objectives to be achieved, thought needs to be given to o ther areas that go away be impacted and may require changes to be implemented (An Organization Redesign Process).Other transcriptional systems that may be impacted by the origin of a performance based reward system include The Information System How much information is given to team members, the speed at which they deliver it and their ability to us the information to improve results. The Training System- New skills training for employees may need to be implemented in order for them to be able to understand how to interpret information, training in new skills in order for the employees to do their jobs for effectively. The Organization Structure- Departments may need to be integrated or roles significant changed. Decision-making Systems Consider changing the way decisions are made and the level at which they are made. Authority to decide might need to be taken quite a little to lower levels so that employees are able to make decisions the enable them to more quickly influence or improve the results. Tasks and Technologies Need to be improved in order for the bonus system to achieve its objectivesreward people for improved backup performance. Changing an organization through and through an organization redesign process is a journey and generally a rather long journey.That is why the following three principles must be understood by anyone who is about to undertake any type of organization redesign The entire system has an effect on each element within the system Every element in the system has an effect on the entire system and on each other No matter what you do, the two points above always hold true. When an organization goes through redesign, 1. People need to be identified as being responsible for driving the organization through the process. Those idiosyncratics include Organization Leader Who is generally the nigh senior person in the organization.This person impart set the direction that the process will go in and names the coun sell Committe e Steering police squad Consists of key leaders from the organization and other stakeholders. This teams responsibilities include naming and commissioning the name Team, establishing boundaries and guidelines for the inclination Team, approving Design Team recommendation and ensuring the Design Team have the resources (time and money included) they require to get the job make Design Team Generally consists of employees, half are lower level employees and the other half are upper management.Are responsible for reporting back to their functional teams on design choices being recommended and getting the input of the Implementation Team Implementation Team Basically, the entire organization, who implement the design choices recommended by the Design Team (and approved by the Steering Team). Renewal Team This team is set up after the Implementation Team. It monitors and assesses to what degree the organization design has done, what it has intended to do and make recommendations for f urther changes as required. Consultant Recommends and teaches the design model, the use of tools and methodology.Provides pleader to ensure the design effort stays on track. Provides expertise regarding laid-back hat practice design choices and independent advice (An Organization Redesign Process). 2. Train the Strategic, Steering and Design Teams. All teams must have a commitment to the process and be able to understand the process in order to go ahead. 3. Environmental skim over Become aware of the needs and expectations of the external environment Customers (current and potential), Stakeholders (shareowners and their representatives), Influencers (regulators, suppliers, government, etc. , Competitors and Best in class organizations. 4. Develop Vision & Mission Statements These statements describe why the organization was created, why it exists and its distinctive competence.5. Success Criteria Nominate the outcomes desired in these four categories Customers, Stakeholder, Peop le, Community 6. Culture Identify the behaviors, skills and characteristics that the people working in the organization must have, along with the guiding principles that encourage people to use these behaviors and skills, in order to achieve the vision and mission. . Strategies to Influence Determine the strategies needed to manage and reduce divergence and demands from the external environment. This enables you to meet both the requirements of the external environment as well as achieve your desired performance outcomes. 8. Key Performance Indicators Choose which ones will deliver the business performance required along with inspiring the behaviors and characteristics articulated in the culture.9. Technical System Analyze and redesign in terms of how tasks are performed, technologies required and the layout of buildings/facilities so that the people and the technical system are integrated for high performance. 10. Structural System Design the structure for each of the three teams strawman Line, Resource (known in traditional organizations as Management) and Strategic so that they foster the culture required delivering high performance. 11. Decision Making & Information System check over what, where, how decisions are made, what information is needed to make those decisions and how it is stored and captured. 2. People System Review Competencies, Job Design, Selection, Induction/Orientation, Learning, and Performance Contracting, Career Development.13. Reward System Review how employees contributions are recognized and rewarded. Does the system encourage people to focus on organizational goals? 14. Renewal System Decide how you will regularly review your business and make any design changes needed to ensure continuing optimum performance. 15. Develop an Implementation Plan This plan identifies who is responsible for implementation, time lines, resources requires, potential bottlenecks, and hazard plans 6. Execute the plan When the Implementation Team is kept involved in the process and has input to the Design Team, implementation happens much more quickly and seamlessly. hammer Senge (1990) suggests that team learning is the process of aligning and developing the capacities of a team to create the results its members truly desire. It builds on personal mastery and shared vision. When teams learn together, not only can there be good results for the organization, members will grow more rapidly than could have occurred otherwise.Virtually all important decisions occur in groups. Teams, not individuals, are the fundamental learning units. Unless a team can learn, the organization cannot learn. Team learning focuses on the learning ability of the group. Adults learn best from each other, by reflecting on how they are addressing problems, questioning assumptions, and receiving feedback from their team and from their results. With team learning, the learning ability of the group becomes greater than the learning ability of any individual in the group (Learning Organisations).In order to make the work teams function at its optimal performance, there are nine key activities or work functions that must be present. Those functions include Advising gathering and giving information Innovating creating new ideas or brainstorming new ways to tackle old problem Promoting selling the idea to management and gathering all the resources Developing once the idea has been sold to management, it then needs to go to the analytical process and be developed. Organizing conniption up a structure and resources so that the product, scheme, or service can work. Producing putting the product or service together. Inspecting watching out for details. Inspection of the high quality must be maintained and accurate records must be kept. Maintaining it is associated with the support services offered in an organization and the general background work done in a team to ensure that its requirements can be met quickly and efficiently. Linking is central to the success of all teams. It is the difference between an effective and an ineffective team. individual coordinating all the team members to ensure that there is maximum cooperation and interchange of ideas, reports and experiences (Margerison, C. & McCann D. , 2000). Being able to plan, and control the intra-organizational and inter-organizational communication that must occur to implement the job design changes will be difficult but not impossible. The information that needs to be given out during the job redesign would have to be given to top managers right before it is given out. Then the staff can be in-serviced on the changes that would be going into effect and a question, answer type forum be done.Once the changes have been implemented, a committee of staff and managers can be appointed to look at the changes and see if there are any additional changes that may need to be implemented because of the initial changes. This is also a way to ensure job satisfaction. If the employee feels that their feedback is worth something and is being listened to, they are more willing to make the changes that need to be made. If individuals enjoy doing a job, they perform at their very best. Giving them the opportunity to be a part of the job redesign, makes them feel as though they have contributed to something and it is worthwhile to the employee.

The Need for Mass Media

Are there still crowd media? The easy and immediate answer would be an absolute yes. However, the difficulty comes from verifying the answer.For the purposes of this paper, large number media will be defined using Boerens (1994 122-123) classification of media. According to him, mass media refers to all media that enable one to disseminate ideas to large audiences finished technological/electronic means. Included here be crossed medium of talk (books, newspapers, magazines, posters, etc.), recordings, radio, television, film, cassette, video programs, and the well-nigh recent information-carrying technologythe meshing. surge media here was similarly differentiated by Boeren from other conduct of communication.These be media generated by the human body (verbal language, facial expressions, body decorations and the likes), objects or substances used in transient communication (Morse code, horn signals, perfume, etc.), objects or substances used to deposit and express idea s (architecture, ornaments, paintings, etc.), and complex media that refers to rituals and the performing arts such as songs, puppet shows, theater and the likes.To support the answer comprise above, there is mass media and it is here to stay. This is on the basis of, first, mass media play an important role in a democratic society wherein the welfare of an finished nation depends on the knowledge and good judgment of the majority of individuals (English & Hach 1968 259). In support of this, the University of Washington (2000), in its article What is the role of the media in the United assures? say that media support democracy.This is done in a way wherein the media serve as a significant witness of information. Through the information (and competing ideas) circulated by the media, citizenry are then able to govern themselves or able to make their own decisions. Furthermore, mass media provide the general public with the information it needs to function as a democracy (Stay 19 99). With this, it could be said that being a model country where its citizens enjoy democratic space, the United States of America will always pack media outlets as key structures or institutions for maintaining democracy in its ideal state.Second, there is a need to examine the role of mass media in a society. If those roles are still satisfied, then, it could be well validated that there is still mass media. For this paper, the roles of the media outlined by Voelker, F. and Voelker, L. (1978) were referred to. These are Informers or providers of information, Entertainers or providers of pleasure and enjoyment, and Persuaders or could be referred to as shapers of acquaintance/public opinion and behavior.Mass Media as InformersNews source for Americans has evolved over the past decades. Americans used to rely largely on print medium (mainly newspapers). Then the radio innovated how the public get their news from black and white printed paper. Then came television. And since then, it could be said that television has been the number one source of news compared to newspapers and radios.That TV is the primary source of news for Americans should non come as a surprise. In its regard, the Arizona State University gave some data display that TV sets are a fixture in American households (Arizona State University, n.d.). Data shows that 98.3% of households have TV sets, 65% have cable TV, TV sets are turned on for an average of 7 hours each day and that an average American spends 2.5 hours a day in front of TV. Aside from this access, news on TV is more procurable around the clock wherein we have early morning shows, noon newscasts, late night news and news breaks in mingled with regular TV programs. In addition, TV is viewed as a source for international and national news while newspapers as source of local information.Meanwhile, with the orgasm of the internet, it is not yet defined whether this new technology has overtaken TV as the primary source of news. But data shows that over 2.5 million Americans are notice less TV this year compared in 2006 (Bauder c.2006). This decline has not been attributed to the internet replacing TV as a source of information (or other TV programs) but one of the factors being speculated upon is that more shows are either being downloaded or streamed.Mass Media as PersuadersWith scores of discussion debating over the effects of media content, the signal that mass media shapes individual or collective perception and behavior could not be disregarded.Gans (n.d.236) stated that news, as an example of media content, does not limit itself to reality judgments it in like manner contains values or preference statements. With this, Gans forwarded that underlying the news lies a picture of nation and society as it ought to be.For example, a protest march pictured as a disruption to public order, would be considered more news worthy and placed in headline news. On the other hand, a family murder that claimed c ollar victims is less news worthy would be placed in local news. The way how news stories are prioritized and presented in turn shapes the publics perception on what social disorder is.On a different note, Klapper (1967331-333) believes that mass media mainly strengthen the views the audience have. One factor leading to this situation is that generally, people lean to (watch, listen, read) materials that advocate the same views that they have. Similarly, people tend to ignore materials that are conflicting or opposing to their own judgment.Aside from the reinforcement power of mass media, Klapper in any case believes that the media is effective in creating opinion on new issues. He explained that when an individual has no predisposition on an issue, that individual would be vulnerable to lodge an opinion presented by any mass medium. That created opinion would be easy to reinforce and then hard to change.Now we go to the media as shapers of behavior. Some of the critics to the hi ghest degree media content pertain to their effects on the behavior of target audience particularly on issues such as violence, alcoholism and the likes.A research study by Atkin, Hocking and Block (1981280-289) was used to support the idea that mass media indeed affect the behavior of its target audience. They used a correlational survey practice to determine if advertising of alcoholic beverages such as beer, wine and liquor encourage non-drinkers to drink and encourage moderate drinkers to drink more. The questionnaires were distributed to 665 students from s correctth to twelfth grades in the states of Michigan, California, New York, and Georgia.Over-all results of the study showed that the relationship mingled with exposure to advertisements and liquor is strongly positive. Also, non-drinkers immensely exposed to alcohol ads expressed intentions of drinking when they get older. The difference between those who intended to drink and the opposite is a significant 26%.Mass Media as EntertainersApart from its functions as providers of information and shapers of perception and behavior, there is no doubtfulness that mass media also largely function as entertainers. Americans turn to different forms of mass media to enjoy, to relax or to simply spend vacant time. The expansion of leisure time in the twentieth century according to De Fleur and Dennis gave way to Americans growing interest in various forms of recreation and recreation (1981212).This could be attributed to reasons why most commercial TV shows (75%) are made for entertainment while the remaining 25% accounts for the news and public affairs, educational and cultural programs and religious programs. They also classified advertisement entertainment programs that Americans watch such as dramas, situation comedies, variety and talk shows, personality and game shows, soap operas, childrens programs, movies, specials, sports and special events, and docudramas (1981190-196).Aside from TV programs, it is also worth noting the movies or motion pictures as channels for entertainment. As early as the 1920s, Jowett (1976, quoted in De Fleur & Dennis 1981212) stated that the movies had become the largest and most widespread commercial entertainment form the world had ever known. By that time onwards, the movies have become a multi-billion dollar industry. Of course, the business would not have been that successful if it had not been for the millions of audience patronizing them.Meanwhile, the print media was never behind when it comes to its role as entertainers. Newspapers and especially magazines make space for materials that offer amusement to the audience.And to complete the package, there is the internet, which makes available online versions of print materials, music, music videos, TV shows, and movies on the World Wide Web. Of course, the internet also offers other types of entertainment that are not offered by the aforementioned mass media such as online games, social network ing and others.So are there still mass media? Definitely. To conclude different channels of communicationmainly print media, TV, radio, and the internetare still prevalent today. The roles or functions of mass media in American society are satisfied because the public has a need for them.Americans are sharp-set for news and information. They continue to seek information, which consciously or unconsciously reinforce their views on various issues. In addition, Americans continue to turn to mass media as a source of entertainment.No mass medium has been obsolete since it was introduced decades ago. Mass media technology continues to be sophisticated and in the near future, we might be introduced to new channels of communication. Bottomline is, mass media provide distinct social needs of the Americans and that is why these channels of communication are here to stay, up until the next century or even forever.List of ReferencesBoeren, A. (1994) In Other Words The Cultural Dimension of Co mmunication for Development. The Hague Centre for the Study of Education in Developing Countries (CESO)English, E. & Hach, C. (1968) Scholastic Journalism. 4th ed. Iowa The Iowa State UniversityStay, B. L. (ed.) (1999) Opposing Viewpoints Mass Media online availableGans, H. J. (n.d.) The messages behind the news In Media in Society Readings in Mass Communication. ed. by Deming, C. J. & Becker, S. L. Illinois Scott, Foresman and corporation 243Arizona State University (n.d.) Mass Media & Society A Sociological Perspective on Media online available from http//www.public.asu.edu/zeyno217/365/notes1.html 17 November 2007Klapper, J. T. (1967) Basic Research in Persuasion and Motivation In Mass Media Forces in our Society. tertiary ed. ed. by Voelker, F. H. & Voelker, L. A. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc. 331-333Atkin, C., Hocking, J. & Block, M. (1981) Teenage Drinking Does Advertising Make a Difference? In Media in Society Readings in Mass Communication. ed. by Deming, C. J. & Becker , S. L. Illinois Scott, Foresman and Company 280-289De Fleur, M. L. & Dennis, E. E. (1981) Understanding Mass Communication. USA Houghton Mifflin CompanyBauder, D. (c.2007) Data Says 2.5 Million Less Watching TV. online available from 17 November 2007Pember, D. R. (1987) Mass Media in America. Science Research Associates, Inc.