Nursing Research Summary and Ethical Considerations Essay

Nursing Research Summary and Ethical Considerations - Essay Example The introduction of a youngster is a significant occasion in the life of a lady (CY Chan, Wong, Lam, Wong, and Kwok, 2014). The idea of birth a lady experiences is likewise significant since it additionally characterizes her view of labor long after the youngster was conceived. Along these lines, this examination was attempted to set up the impression of baby blues ladies on what involves the best nursing characteristics for medical attendants taking care of pregnant ladies after birth. The examination applied a subjective exploration philosophy, comprising of investigation of meetings embraced on 15 baby blues ladies who had brought forth solid babies in aâ â emergency clinic in Hong Kong (CY Chan, Wong, Lam, Wong, and Kwok, 2014). The consequences of the examination were extrapolated to give five essential nursing characteristics wanted by ladies subsequent to conceiving an offspring. The experience that a lady gets during and in the wake of conceiving an offspring can represent the moment of truth her will to keep siring more youngsters. Along these lines, on the off chance that a lady experience during conceiving an offspring is decidedly acceptable, at that point the lady is set up for future siring of kids (CY Chan, Wong, Lam, Wong, and Kwok, 2014). In any case, if a lady gets a negative encounter in the wake of conceiving an offspring, her will to keep siring more youngsters is broken. The centrality of this investigation to nursing is that; labor is an amazing occasion in the life of a lady and giving her a palatable encounter is significant for the nursing calling. Along these lines, the investigation is huge to the nursing calling, since it sets up the characteristics that the attendants taking care of ladies during conceiving an offspring ought to have, and readies the nursing calling for agreeable taking care of pregnant ladies in the wake of conceiving an offspring (CY Chan, Wong, Lam, Wong, and Kwok, 2014). The reason for the investigation was to set up the best characteristics that attendants taking care of ladies during and subsequent to conceiving an offspring ought to have. The goal of the investigation was to set up the best characteristics of obstetric medical attendants that can prompt palatable going to of baby blues ladies. The marvel of this investigation is that the job of the obstetric medical attendants is significant in characterizing the good degrees of ladies during and subsequent to conceiving an offspring (CY Chan, Wong, Lam, Wong, and Kwok, 2014).â Â

Strategic Profile and Case Analysis Purpose Essay Example For Students

Key Profile and Case Analysis Purpose Essay Lincoln Electric has been the universes biggest producer of curve welding items for as far back as thirty years. Notwithstanding its welding items, Lincoln additionally creates a line of three-stage rotating flow modern electric engines. Their procedure is basic, decrease expenses and pass the reserve funds through to the client by constantly bringing down costs. Lincolns the executives accepted its motivation framework and the atmosphere it encouraged are liable for the constant increment in profitability with which their system depends on. Under the motivating force framework, workers are liberally remunerated for their efficiency, top notch, cost decrease thoughts, and individual commitments to the organization. Lincolns methodology had remained for all intents and purposes unaltered; it had accomplished an advantageous record in following this system steadfastly and hence wanted to adjust it later on. Circumstance AnalysisInformation innovation keeps on getting less expensive and have increasingly handy applications for each sort of business. Utilizing databases an organization can arrange complex information conveyance of data on request at a quick pace. Lincolns Order division had as of late started modernizing its tasks. Just because a PC will be utilized in the organization except for the designing and research office. The PC was relied upon to supplant 12 or 13 representatives who might be moved to new openings. Like anything new the PC was not completely supported by top administration since individuals didn't know it could deliver reserve funds and permit a more noteworthy level of control. The change procedure has worked out positively, albeit more slow at that point foreseen in view of request pressure being so high. We will compose a custom paper on Strategic Profile and Case Analysis Purpose explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now Lincolns methodology has empowered the exit of a few significant organizations (for example General Electric) from the business and made others look for increasingly specific regions. Not at all like different organizations Lincoln has a remuneration strategy to compensate representatives for speedy productive work. Practically all creation laborers at Lincoln are paid on a straight piecework plan. They have no base compensation or hourly sway yet are paid a set sum for every thing they produce. The second component of the pay framework is a year-end reward. The reward isn't a blessing, yet it is the sharing of the consequences of proficient activity of the premise of commitment of every individual to the achievement of the organization for that year. Notwithstanding Lincolns motivation program another significant serious edge for them is their business power. The business power is paid a pay in addition to a reward. They highly esteem working a greater number of hours than any other person works. The business power is known to be the most generously compensated and most focused in the business. Recognizable proof of Environmental Opportunities and Threats and Firm Strengths and Weaknesses. The qualities, shortcomings, openings and dangers (S.W.O.T.) of Lincoln Electrics system can be appeared to profit their organization and obstruct it at different occasions. The best quality in Lincoln Electric is their capacity to undermine contenders costs by methods for less expensive creation costs. Referenced before, they can do this as a result of their impetus program, where they reward representatives for speed, quality and inventive thoughts. This methodology is the principle motivation behind why they can turn away danger of outside contenders having a lower cost with a high pace of value. It is difficult to contend when you cannot beat the contender costs of top notch items. The administration at Lincoln learned many key factors about their representatives and how they like to function. For whatever length of time that the workers complete their activity the administration disregard them. One might say they work for themselves, they settle on their brakes and lunch times ( most work through their brakes) and the harder the m!ore items they produce in a day the more cash they make at long last. The representatives like this, since they like being liable for themselves and not relying upon others, additionally they decide their check by how hard they work during a given day. Lincoln Electric has a strategy of filling everything except section level situations by advancing from inside the organization. Any worker can go after a job that includes opened inside the organization. On account of the companys continued development and strategy of recruiting from inside, anybody gets an opportunity for headway in the organization. The main other approach to find a new line of work at Lincoln other than beginning the floor is to enter their preparation programs in deals or building. Lincoln doesn't give educational cost awards to instructive purposes and they don't send its representatives to outside administration advancement programs. System FormulationLincoln s technique has been exceptionally effective for them in the course of recent years, which establishes them being the pioneer underway of circular segment welding hardware. Due to their moderate nature, Lincoln has not looked carefully enough at what benefits they will get by improving their innovation through PCs. They have been delayed to actualize their first framework in the requesting office despite the fact that they anticipate investment funds of $100,000. Nonstop instruction has been a trendy expression of organizations for the most recent decade. Pretty much every significant organization around the globe has spent a lot of organization benefits and hours on workshops and instructional meetings to guarantee their representatives are exceptional on each new advancement in their industry. Lincoln Electric has not spent dollar one on preparing. They don't give awards for instructive purposes and has never sent somebody to an outside administration improvement program. They fee l that difficult work and diligence is increasingly significant at that point burning through cash on the board instructional courses. Lincoln Electrics representatives try sincerely and productively so they can improve their legitimacy rating without fail they may bargain brakes and cut corners any place conceivable to expand their yield. At the end of the day working for Lincoln Electric sounds incredible in light of the fact that you have the chance of acquiring a high check, however the degree of worry in a domain like that must be colossal. A representative would fear phoning in debilitated with seasonal influenza since that would mean missing an entire days profitability and costing a ton of cash. Numerous representatives work through their brakes to increment out put; the main time they are away from the creation line is thirty minutes for lunch during an entire day. Having a major check toward the week's end is consistently pleasant yet in a high territory of stress bargaini ng your wellbeing or security how significant is it truly? Vital Alternative ImplementationLincoln Electric comprehends the fundamental drive of their representatives, the harder you work the more cash you make. This methodology has been functioning admirably for them and the representatives themselves like it in light of the fact that the turnover pace of workers is the most minimal in the business. Their administration strategies might be unique, yet you can't contend that they are not working since they are the business chiefs. On account of this I would not hop into spending loads of cash on sending directors to gatherings to improve their abilities. On the off chance that I were in an upper level situation of the executives with Lincoln I would hope to time and cost sparing open doors inside the organization. My first assessment is improve Lincolns absence of innovation. Since everybody at the organization thinks minimal about data innovations and how they can support the organ ization, I would hope to acquire an outside specialized counseling organization. Along these lines the could come in, take a gander at our activity and give an introduction to upper managem!ent pretty much constantly and cash we could spare by joining the innovative age. Another favorable position of acquiring outside specialists would be we would have a decision, we could tune in to a couple various firms and afterward settle on the best one to address our issues. It is the ideal opportunity for Lincoln electric to quit dreading change and to utilize PCs outside of the Research and Design (Engineering) divisions.

Hot Dogs

Hot Dogs Ive always been a big eater. Part of this may be because my dad is not only a fire fighter but also because he used to be a cook. For those of you who are out of the loop, fire fighters cook enough food for an army, and when theyre on shift thats fine. When a fire fighter cooks for an army but only has to feed a family, the boy has to eat it all. Thatd be me, Im the boy, and Im used to eating massive amounts of food. Before Matt, Ben, and I gave our presentation last week we went for lunch at a place called Spikes Junkyard Dogs. While there I noticed a contest that challenged patrons to eat as many hot dogs as possible. Being the typical MIT student with a huge ego I say to Matt and Ben Psh, I can do that, look! The record is only 14, and you get an hour and a half to do it, how is that even hard!? Matt and Ben were skeptic. I was not. The e-mail went out Saturday: So Spikes Junkyard Dogs (http://www.spikesjunkyarddogs.com/index.html) has this neat little contest wherein whoever can eat the most hot dogs in 1.5 hours gets their picture on the wall, a t-shirt, free hot dogs, and all sorts of other fame and admiration. The current record is only 14 dogs. As some of you may know, Im pretty much a garbage disposal for food, so I thought Id give it a try. Im planning on heading over tomorrow at about 3 pm and Id appreciate a cheering section. I cant make any guarantees as to whether Ill be able to eat 15 dogs or not, but Ill certainly end up making myself sick and eat a ridiculous amount of food. Anybody interested, lets meet in the 23 at 3ish. Youre welcome to try to break the record with me! I planned my dinner and breakfast food amounts accordingly and went for a jog in order to make myself hungry. A group of us headed out at 3 and laughed joyously at the thought of what was to come. We got there and I strode up to the counter, slapped down a $50 bill and said Im going to eat 15 hot dogs. The cashier took the money and said Do you know the rules? As many hot dogs as possible, an hour and a half, no bathroom and no throwing up. I nodded and was ready to eat. We all sat down at the table and chatted happily, waiting for our hot dogs to arrive. Zach LaBry 08 decided to try and eat as many as possible as well, so it became a nice little contest between the two of us. Heres our group before our food had arrived, Zach is the one in the middle. The hot dogs began to arrive. Michelle 11 got hers first followed by Zach Bailey 08 (we had more than one Zach in our party, so Zach Bailey actually told the guy at the register his name was Jim). and then Zach LaBry Jordan got hers next and then I started to get mine. I scarfed the first two dogs like they were nothing. By the third one I wasnt really hungry anymore. I could still eat, it just wasnt pleasant. Why such an early sign of defeat? The buns on the hot dogs were actually baguettes. Seriously, they took a loaf of bread, cut it in half, and made it a hot dog bun. It dries out your mouth so much! Being the engineer I am, I decided to try and find an easier way to consume bread. Perhaps if I dunk it in water!? Lets see, now that its all moist Ill just take a bite and then BLECH! Ok, dunking in water maybe wasnt the best idea. At all. Bread turns into this nasty, aloe-like gel-consistency when soaked in water. Its not appetizing. Good thing they gave me a bucket. As I begin fighting my way through my fourth hot dog Zach is on number 5. It is at this point we realize that Zach is a beast and I suck at eating hot dogs. This is what our table looked like about midway through the eating: Notice how I stare at Zach in awe as he scarfs down dog number 7. I am just beginning number 5. Zachs having a great time, Im angry at meat. This is me halfway through dog 5. After an hour and a half I had eaten 5 dogs and Zach had eaten 9. I realized that although I may like to eat a lot of food, my metabolism doesnt, and baguettes suck. Zach, for eating more than 6 hot dogs, got his picture on the wall and a t-shirt. I got nothing :( Thats ok though, because I had a really fun time, am uber impressed by Zach, and I got to eat a lot of tasty hot dogs. Michelle stole one though. Before we left, full and content, I gave my hot dogs one last stare down and then threw them away. Its just too much hot dog for one person. So, a challenge to all you pre-frosh during CPW, lets get together and go to Spikes, I want to see you all eat over 6 hot dogs. Ill try to get funding, but bring some money along in case I cant. Its about $2.50 a dog, its a good time!

The Wife of Bath, The Wife of Bath Prologue, and The...

The Wife of Bath, The Wife of Bath Prologue, and The General Prologue These selections from The Canterbury Tales best exemplify the ideals and traits of women (as portrayed by Chaucer). In, The Wife of Bath Prologue, the narrator brags of her sexual exploits as well as her prowess of controlling men. The narrator is quite forthright in her enjoyment of this manipulation; she comments on her technique of lying and predomination of men. The General Prologue further serves to display the daunting traits of women. The narrator makes several stabs at a womans appearance; and the overall effect is one of distaste and inadequacy. The tale itself, The Wife of Bath, embodies the characteristics of the†¦show more content†¦The author also includes an amusing vignette of her appearance; Her head-dresses were of finest weave and ground; I dare swear that they weighed a poundà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Her stockings were of the finest scarlet redà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦her faceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦and red of hue. This humorous tone exemplifies the promiscuous nature of the woman. The attachment of the color red especially highlights this; as it conveys a seductive and tantalizing demeanor. The overall effect of these items allows the reader to form an image of the woman; that she is a person of low morals and status. Her life is comprised of appealing and manipulating the hearts of men. The additional prologue, The Wife of Bath Prologue, is both lengthy and abound with persuasion. This particular division of the Tale offers a glimpse into the mind of the Wife. In it, she portrays herself as a proud woman, which has used her innumerable supply of husbands as vessels of mere social and financial support. The performance that she displays showcases her uncaring nature as well as her experience. The selection utilizes exemplum to properly impart this experience. This form is a short story which is embedded intoShow MoreRelated Character Analysis of The Wife of Bath of Chaucers Canterbury Tales1623 Words   |  7 Pages Character Analysis of The Wife of Bath of Chaucers Canterbury Tales The Canterbury Tales is Geoffrey Chaucers greatest and most memorable work. In The Canterbury Tales, Chaucer uses a fictitious pilgrimage [to Canterbury] as a framing device for a number of stories (Norton 79). In The General Prologue of The Canterbury Tales, Chaucer describes in detail the pilgrims he meets in the inn on their way to Canterbury. Chaucer is the author, but also a character and the narrator, and acts likeRead More Chaucers Canterbury Tales Essay - Women in The Wife of Bath1433 Words   |  6 PagesWomen in Chaucers The Wife of Bath Chaucers The Wife of Baths Prologue and Tale is a medieval legend that paints a portrait of strong women finding love and themselves in the direst of situations. It is presented to the modern day reader as an early tale of feminism showcasing the ways a female character gains power within a repressive, patriarchal society. Underneath the simplistic plot of female empowerment lies an underbelly of anti-feminism. Sometimes this is presented blatantlyRead MoreGeoffrey Chaucer View and Change on Judgement968 Words   |  4 Pagesand hypocrisy. He wrote about these problems in a set of tales widely known as The Canterbury Tales. The first is The General Prologue which describes a pilgrimage to Canterbury that many people endure, but on this specific journey, twenty-nine different people travel together to Canterbury. He uses two types of satire to relinquish these opinions, juvenile and horacian. A general definition of satire is saying one thing, but meaning another. The author Cy nthia justifies my definition by stating,Read MoreThe Wife Of Bath, By Geoffrey Chaucer1251 Words   |  6 PagesThe Wife of Bath, emphasizing â€Å"The Prologue of the Wife of Bath’s Tale† and the â€Å"The Prologue† in Geoffrey Chaucer s Canterbury Tales, is an example of the Middle English concept that male authors reflect misogynistic ideals of society onto female characters.With the Wife of Bath, she is a fictional character, as told by Chaucer, going on a Pilgrimage, with constant ridicule for her sexuality and multiple marriages. Chaucer portrays her as a previously battered wife who uses her sexual promiscuityRead MoreFeminism In Chaucers The Wife Of Bath1216 Words   |  5 PagesA large part of the study of literature deals with interpreting the original meaning of a work and attempting to understand how it applies to modern day readers. As with other pieces of literature, this is also true for Chaucer’s â€Å"The Wife of Bath’s Prologu e,† where many contemporary scholars hail Chaucer as feminist icon for his depiction of an eloquent, independent woman. This interpretation, however, is flawed because it is highly anachronistic. Feminism, as we understand the term today, did notRead More Canterbury Tales Essay - Anti-Feminist Rhetoric in The Wife Of Bath1204 Words   |  5 PagesAnti-Feminist Rhetoric in  The Wife Of Bath    In Geoffrey Chaucers The Canterbury Tales, The Wife of Bath is a strong woman who loudly states her opinions about the antifeminist sentiments popular at the time. Chaucer, however, frequently discredits her arguments by making them unfounded and generally compromising her character. This brings into question Chaucers political intent with the Wife of Bath. Is he supportive of her views, or is he making a mockery of woman who challenge the patriarchalRead MoreThe Wife of Bath1326 Words   |  6 Pagestheir journey. One of the travellers, the Wife of Bath shares her views on social relationships between men and women. The fourteenth century is viewed as having a patriarchal dominated society. However, the Wife of Bath, Alisoun, is a strong believer in female maistrie, control in the marriage. She believes in female supremacy over husbands in marriage, and does not feel they can be equal partners in the relationship. Through her prologue and tale the wife justifies the actions sh e and other womenRead More Chaucers Canterbury Tales Essay - The Powerful Wife of Bath1099 Words   |  5 PagesThe Powerful Wife of Bath   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In Geoffrey Chacers The Canterbury Tales we are introduced to 29 people who are going on a pilgrimage to St. Thomas a Becket in Canterbury. Each person is represented to fit a unique type of behavior as shown by people during the medieval ages.   My attention was drawn to the Wife of Bath through which Chaucer notes the gender inequalities.   Predominantly, women could either choose to marry and become a childbearing wife or go intoRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem The Wife Of Bath Essay873 Words   |  4 PagesAnalytical Essay on the â€Å"Wife of Bath.† Question One Description of the Wife of Bath in terms of her progressive feminism, rhetoric style, and her prolog tale. Comparison of her as a women attitude towards general medieval attitude towards women. â€Å"Wife of Bath† Tale provides insight and understanding of the women change and their view mainly in matters of family, marriage, authority and marital affairs. The Prolog is double the size of her Tale, a lot of information about marriage group is givenRead MoreThe Characters in The Canterbury Tales Essay4000 Words   |  16 PagesThe Purpose of the   Characters in The Canterbury Tales      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The characters introduced in the General Prologue of The Canterbury Tales each represent a stereotype of a kind of person that Chaucer would have been familiar with in 14th Century England. Each character is unique, yet embodies many physical and behavioral traits that would have been common for someone in their profession. In preparing the reader for the tales, Chaucer first sets the mood by providing an overall idea of the type

The Mind Of Great Political Thinkers - 1203 Words

Throughout the semester, this class, political science 260, we have delved into the mind of great political thinkers of history. From Plato to Marx, each political philosopher has given to us their thoughts and ideas, through their works, entrusting us to interpret it and, at the very least, give it a serious thought. All of the philosophers were brilliant in their own since, and each one, no matter how big or small their impact on the world today, is important. Each political philosopher creates their vision and philosophy on the world they see, and each philosopher saw the world in their own light. For that reason, each on, even if we do not think they do, gives us an important look upon the world. I myself have those I favor, and those†¦show more content†¦Secondly, what does the philosopher consider to be justice, and what is the purpose of the political system? Again, in other words, under what way of governing does a society achieve justice, and what is the government of a society meant to do. When arriving upon one’s own political philosophy, these questions must be answered, in order to fully develop that philosophy. As for my own political philosophy, I too, answered these questions to guide myself to my final product. Along the way drawing influence from past philosophers, whom have been discussed in class. To begin with, one must ask themselves about human nature. Like Hobbes, and Mills, I personally find humans to be unequal by nature. Not everyone is born the same in multiple aspects, such as physically, mentally, even socially. For example, I was born vertically challenged (short), not particularly skilled in math, and am socially introverted. Meanwhile, one of my close friends was born taller, is a math major, and is a social butterfly. That is just how it so happens to be by chance. We were both genetically meant to stand at the height we do, we were both born with talents, and whether our social personality is caused by nature o r nurture, we also did not get a choice on the family we were born into to raise us either outgoing or shy. However, like many liberal thinkers, I do believe that politically, we are all born equal, and hold liberties to

Critical Thinking Doesn’t Mean Just Criticizing Free Essays

Sound thinking in every realm of life is more practical than poor thinking. When an individual is skilled in their thinking it pays off by saving time and energy. When an individual uses sound thinking they are able to control life circumstances whether good or bad. We will write a custom essay sample on Critical Thinking Doesn’t Mean Just Criticizing or any similar topic only for you Order Now Halpern, D. (2003) states, â€Å"Critical Thinking is the use of those cognitive skills or strategies that increase the probability of a desirable outcome. † (p. 6). Critical thinking can be also considered as teleological in nature. As well critical thinking concerns the attainment of goals and the desired outcomes from achieving them. Critical thinking is not meant just for criticizing. It is the ability to effectively evaluate evidence and use intellectual tools to avoid being gullible to highly questionable or absurd ideas. The development of critical thinking skills is vital because the skill enables people to operate in a capacity to participate effectively in society, make complex choices, commit to social justice, and reflect on beliefs and actions. Advances in technology have placed an abundance of information at the world’s finger tips. Without critical thinking a person will be unable to separate what is valuable from information that is useless. Critical thinking can be compared to strenuous movement because thinking is hard work. For example at the end of ones day if that person stayed open minded and grasped onto different ideas, that person must now evaluated the evidence supporting those ideas. The National Science Foundation surveyed public attitudes and knowledge about science, they found that 70% of American adults said they were interested in science, but fewer than 30% could give a passable definition of a scientific experiment or hypothesis. Therefore even if a person has general knowledge of critical thinking it will not ensure they will be able to recognize the difference between true and false teaching if they do not have an understanding of what constitutes scientific evidence. With proper instruction a humans thought process can become broadly applied, spontaneously generated, precisely focused, intricately complex and more insightfully divergent. To develop these skills will take practice, concentration and coaching. Critical Thinking must include critical reflection on what passes for critical thinking. However critical thinking can restrict a person to the use of criticism to approved topics and can cause one to wonder into unconventional fields of criticism. Critical thinking is not essentially a negative enterprise but should maintain the kind of criticism which is not aimed at rejection, but considers apparent knowledge on its merits, retaining whatever survives critical scrutiny. Being critical has its positive and negative sides. A writer can compose a review of an article that may or may not agree with the readings presented. The writer’s response to the material will depend on their attitude and what type of approach they are trying to bring out of the material. Therefore critical thinking is not to be taken as simple criticism. In order for a person to be an effective critical thinker they cannot accept information at face value in a non-critical or non-evaluating way. In order for critical thinking to have a positive impact in a person’s life they must have the skills of logical analysis and understand how to apply these skills. According to Passmore (1967), being critical is not simply a habit, a skill, or mastery over the art of logic. Passmore goes on to describe critical thinking as more of a character trait that causes one to ask questions about information received. A critical thinker knows how to consciously apply tactics to discover facts and understanding there meanings. The Stanley Milgram Obedience study successfully shows how a higher authority figure can use their position to encourage others under their authority to perform inhumane acts to cause harm to others. The Milgram study showed that 65% of his subjects which where residents of New Haven, were unknowingly willing to give false electric shocks of 450 volts to protesting victims. These victims were faultless for the pain that was apparently inflicted upon them however because of the authority commanded to the subjects, the subjects whether against or for the experiment continued as commanded. When put in this type of position one must have a strong sense of critical thinking to up hold what it right. This experiment surprises me at how many people will engage in activities knowing they are going cause someone else harm. It makes one wonder how people in authority who use their power to cause others harm gained such a position. One would think that this person’s superior would pick up one such an act and bring it to a stop. Not only that but why would the subordinates allow such activities to continue without reporting the situation to the proper authorities. One can only assume that fear for losing their job or level of respect would cause them to continue to adhere to authority figures whether the action being asked to perform is right or wrong. In the economy we live in today one can only assume to these actions are becoming more prevalent and people are obeying the commands given to the just to keep their careers. No one can afford to lose their job and expect to live comfortable. Instead of using critical thinking to overcome the inhumane request the subordinate just goes along with the order being given to remain in good standing with the authority figure. Had I been the participant in the Milgram study and was ordered to continue with the experiment knowing that the person I was shocking was in total disagreement and begging to stop, I would have stopped. My nature and kind heartedness would not have allowed me to continue with such an act. Not only would I have stopped with the experiment, I would have had to make the experimenter aware that what he was doing is wrong and unjust regardless of the excuse that the experiment was important. The first three questions in the think Tank self-evaluation asks you whether you believe there are right and wrong answers and authorities are those who have the right answers, there are no right answers and everyone has the right to their own opinion, and last even though the world is uncertain, we need to make decisions on what’s right or wrong. These three questions represent the three stages of cognitive development. I found myself to agree strongly with the third statement. I am at the stage in my life where I am well aware that the world is full of uncertainty but we as a society must come together and decide on what is right and what is wrong. This is the main reason we have laws, to keep control of the world. The laws give use a uniformed understanding of how our world is supposed to operate. Without laws we can expect that the world would be in chaos. Even though laws are set in place to be obeyed there are still people who set out to challenge these laws and there are others who don’t care what the law states and do whatever the will to do. However even though the laws are set in place they are not black and white. One must use there critical thinking skills to effectively apply the law in their life. This can be a shortcoming because many laws leave a lot to be interpreted as to the true meaning behind them. With this in mind if critical thinking skills are not applied one may assume they are in the right of the law and really not be because of a lack of understanding. What strengthens me at being in this position in this stage of my life is the fact that I don’t jump to rash decisions. I have learned how to take my time and evaluate each situation, weighing the facts and going with the best option available. Taking the time to do this helps to eliminate a lot of heart ache, struggle and regret. All of us have found ourselves in the position where we wished we could go back in time and change some of the decisions we have made. We all know hindsight is 20/20 and the only thing we can do is live and learn. Learn how to use critical thinking and apply to every aspect of our lives. Working a Hardee’s years ago I was placed in a position to make a decision to cook rotten chicken and serve it to the public. The manager ordered me to cook chicken that both she and I knew could be a danger to the public. Refusing in a very disrespectful manner I lost my job and was sent home with a broken heart because my intentions were good but the situation was handled in the wrong manner. I had to regroup and approach the situation from a different manner; therefore because of my beliefs I knew I could not let the situation go. Instead of remaining mad I used critical thinking to come to the conclusion that people could not suffer from eating rotten chicken and action had to be taken. At this point I called the health department and the district manager of Hardee’s and reported the situation and my concerns. By the end of day I had a call from my manager and was asked to come in for a meeting. During this meeting I was informed by the manager who fired me that if I had handled the situation in a more respectable manner she would have understood my point of view and respected it. If I had taken the time to use critical thinking and explained my standpoint for why I refused to disobey I would have never had to go to such lengths to get my point heard. Because I immediately got angry and viewed my manager as an inhumane person I criticized her and got fired. Although my initial reaction was handled in an inappropriate manner, I was able to bounce back and regain control through critical thinking and informing the appropriate authorities of the facts of the situation and regained my employment. From this I learned that critical thinking and criticism have a domino effect. One bad decision not only causes one side effect, it causes multiply until the chain is broken. In my situation the chain was broken when a thinking critical approach was taken and proper authorizes were involved. I could have been critical of what my manager had done and tried to ruin her name around the small town, but that would have only created more problems. Involving the proper authorities help to bring the situation under control, the chicken was thrown out and no one was placed in harms ways by consuming the product. I regained my employment because I stood up for what was right and changed my attitude towards the situation to gain a positive outcome. Society is often faced with the need to rapidly assess situations and make decisions under dynamic conditions and often with limited information. Sometimes the outcomes are good and sometimes they are bad. As long as humans are involved there will be injury to others in some cases which is unacceptable. Criticism can be constructive or destructive and each individual needs to evaluate themselves on which type they are using along with their critical thinking skills to gain the most positive outcomes for their experiences. How to cite Critical Thinking Doesn’t Mean Just Criticizing, Essay examples

Oxpeckers free essay sample

Oxpecker birds (Buphagus erythrorhynchus), or more commonly known as the â€Å"tick birds†, are both very fascinating, yet confusing little creatures. Well known for being natives of the African continent, the oxpecker bird can be easily separated into two different distinct types of bird species: both the major species and focus species of the study being red-billed oxpecker bird (Buphagus erythrorhynchus) located in northern Africa and the other derived, sister species, being the yellow-billed oxpecker bird (Buphagus africanus) located in southern Africa (Stutterheim et al.  , 2000). These two species of oxpecker birds differ not only in appearance and bill color, but also mating sound, preferences, and their habitat location (Stutterheim et al. , 2000). While both of the oxpecker bird species are known to be very talkative and interesting creatures, these birds are most commonly known for two reasons: 1. ) Their extraordinary and peculiar feeding habits and preferences. 2 . ) Their invasive and unidentifiable relationships with their animal hosts. Both species of the oxpecker bird differ slightly by their feeding habits, but mainly differing on what types of animals they choose to land upon and to be a host for their daily meals (Stutterheim et al. , 2000). The oxpecker bird has caused much conflict when it comes to its true relationships with animal hosts. It has been noticed to have both a mutualistic and parasitic relationships with the host they land upon (Stutterheim et al. , 2000). With further exploration for information on this bird, we are able to determine what type of relationship is truly present in the oxpeckers daily interactions. The oxpecker bird spends most of its typical, normal day flying around and looking for a decently sized ungulate host to land upon or rest upon to begin its normal, everyday feeding process (Stutterheim et al. , 2000). Once the host animal has been located and the bird has landed, the oxpecker bird begins to remove and feast upon the invading ticks that are lingering on or are attached to the ungulates large body (Weeks, 2000). The oxpecker birds will continue to remove the invading ticks with their bill until there are no longer any ticks present on the animal host (Weeks, 2000). If any nearby or oncoming predator is coming to attack the animal host and is sensed or noticed by the resting, feeding oxpecker bird, it immediately reacts to the predator’s presence and begins to fly away from its host (Plantan, 2009). This sudden motion of the oxpecker bird ultimately sends a warning message to the unsuspecting ungulate host to either run away or to protect itself from the predator that is approaching (Plantan, 2009). This specific type of relationship is commonly known as mutualism. Mutualism is where both species benefits from the interaction with one another and neither are harmed in the process (Nunn et al. , 2011). In this case, the birds are being well fed while the animal host is rid of ticks and is able to avoid oncoming danger (Nunn et al. , 2011). But the oxpecker bird is not always seen or known as the friendly, helpful companion it normally appears to be. While removing the invading ticks from ungulates body seems to be the oxpecker birds only job in life, the oxpecker bird will sometimes discard the removed ticks as its primary meal choice completely (Weeks, 2000) Instead, the oxpecker bird will use its bill to begin to pick apart and start eat the raw flesh remaining of the poor, unsuspecting ungulate it is currently resting and feeding upon (Weeks, 2000). If no previously made wounds from invading tick removal can be found lingering on the animal’s body for the bird to feast upon, the oxpecker bird will use its bill and immediately begin to peck open and create fresh wounds on the body so they can start or continue on with their feeding process (Bishop and Bishop, 2014). This type of relationship is more commonly known as parasitism. Parasitism is where only one species benefits from the interaction while the other gains nothing in return and is harmed (Nunn et al. , 2011). In this case, the oxpecker bird is being well fed while the animal host is just experiencing pain (Nunn et al., 2011). These two interesting and different types of interactions can cause major confusion and conflict as to what type of relationship, parasitic or mutualistic, these oxpecker birds truly have with these ungulates hosts. Researchers have tried for many years to broaden their knowledge about this confusing and peculiar little bird. By monitoring a nd recording the daily lives and interactions of the oxpecker species and their hosts, experiments were able to be created and executed to discover what the oxpecker bird prefers as their primary meal source and whether or not it helps the animal hosts in the end. Ultimately, these multiple experiments and observations will allow information on these birds to be pieced together and lead to discovery of whether the oxpecker and the ungulate hosts are considered to have a mutualistic relationship or a parasitic relationship. To dig deeper into this relationship mystery, individual experiments that were performed in different locations and that were executed in a different kind of way can be observed closer. Each of the experiments can hold information and conclusions for either a parasitic or mutualistic relationship. The final results can then be compared to similar works to see if this information holds true for other experiments and if conclusions are similar in any way. If so, the collected information can either debunk or verify what conclusions are wrong and right. This will overall provide what type of relationship, or relationships the oxpecker actually has with its animal host. In order to do this, each type of relationship separately must be looked at separately and more viable information must be found on each that can either prove or disprove the experiments final outcomes. The first experiment that was further evaluated was preformed back in 2004 at a local zoo located in northern Switzerland. This experiment will be a main focus, considering it shows perfect examples of both the parasitic and mutualistic types of oxpecker bird relationships. In this experiment, multiple rhinoceroses were placed in captivity and were relocated in two separate habitats within the zoo with a few oxpecker birds residing in each of the two separate habitats (McElligott et al. , 2004). In one of the habitats, the captive rhinoceroses were completely exposed to invading ticks and all of the other outside insects and factors (McElligott et al. , 2004). The other habitat holding the other captive rhinoceroses in the study, however, were treated and cleaned of ticks or oncoming pests daily before they came in any contact with the oxpecker birds (McElligott et al. , 2004). The daily lives and interactions of all the rhinoceros, their responses to the oxpecker bird’s presence and their overall tick abundance in each of the habitats were observed and recorded daily over a twenty-one day period (McElligott et al, 2004). Knowing that oxpeckers feed primarily on ticks and other pestering insects, it would be assumed that the oxpecker bird would completely clean the infested rhinoceros of all of its natural pests and predators. However, this predicted outcome was not always the case for the tick infested rhinoceroses habitat. For most of this study, the oxpecker birds would use its bill to pick off and eat only the tick that were located on and removed from the ungulate host (McElligott et al. , 2004). But almost halfway through the study, the oxpeckers feeding preference outcome had begun to change for the worst (McElligott et al. , 2004). The oxpecker birds would not only eat the ticks that they had been removing, but they also began to pick at the fresh, bleeding wounds that were left behind after the tick had been removed (McElligott et al. , 2004). The oxpecker bird’s newfound thirst for the host animals blood may be due to the fact that the tick meals are normally filled with the host animal’s blood before they are removed and eaten (Plantan, 2009). Therefore, the oxpecker birds acquired a taste for the animal’s blood through the tick and learned that they could obtain it by pecking and eating flesh straight from the animal’s body just as the ticks do (Plantan, 2009). These new open wounds, however, are not good for the host animal’s health. The wounds are left open to potential diseases and other pathogenic outside factors that may ultimately be deathly to the animal host (McElligott et al. , 2004). Therefore, this information and these results lead closer to the idea of a parasitic relationship because the oxpeckers are being fed and nurtured while the rhinoceros are only being eaten alive. In comparison to this portion of the experiment, another similar experiment was done to measure overall tick abundance with the absence of the oxpecker birds. Ticks were collected daily from the bodies of a herd of cattle in a field located in Zimbabwe (Weeks, 2000). The number of ticks that were collected from the cattle and the number of wounds the ticks had created were counted and recorded daily over a time span of one month (Weeks, 2000). The researchers then compared the absent oxpecker collected data to the data of the cattle that had been exposed to oxpecker birds (Weeks, 2000). The data of the cattle exposed to the oxpecker birds showed major differences to the oxpecker free cattle (Weeks, 2000). The results of both parts of the experiment showed that there was no real significance in the number of invading ticks that were removed from the cattle, but there was a big difference between the number of wounds that were left in the cattle body (Weeks, 2000). This showed that the oxpeckers were not really focused on eating the ticks, but more interested in the blood of the cattle and therefore hurting it in the end (Weeks, 2000). The first experiment with rhinoceros shows both a mutualistic side and a parasitic side to the oxpecker bird. In the presence of invading ticks, the oxpecker birds would eat the ticks as a primary meal but still began to create new wounds on the animal after a short period of time. This turned the oxpecker bird and rhinoceros’s relationship from being somewhat mutualistic to purely parasitic. In the second experiment comparison with the cattle, however, it was strictly a parasitic relationship between the two species. The cattle experiment debunks the empty conclusions that were missing from the rhinoceros experiment. This information shows that oxpecker birds really do not really have a preference for ticks as primary meals. The oxpecker birds prefer and feed mostly on the flesh and blood of animals they are using as their host. This type of interaction between the two is not only harmful to the current animal host, but also can prove to be very dangerous and deadly as well when it comes to the overall health of the animal host. In order to enhance and push closer towards the idea of a parasitic relationship, a single oxpecker bird was put into captivity within a habitat with an ungulate and was monitored to see if they ate mainly ticks or flesh of the ungulate host (Milius, 2000). The number of ticks that were removed and consumed by the oxpeckers and wounds that were fed upon and created were measured, recorded and monitored daily over a period of one month (Milius, 2000). Observations and recordings showed that invading ticks on the animal host body were chosen as a primary meal by the oxpecker birds 70% less then flesh or wounds of the animals were chosen (Milius, 2000). This shows that flesh was preferred more as a primary food source than the invading ticks. This information leads more towards a parasitic relationship between the oxpeckers and their hosts. In the case of the cleansed rhinoceros habitat in the previously explained experiment, the outcome and overall conclusions were not that much different in results from the tick infested rhinoceros habitat (McElligott et al. , 2004). Since there were no invading ticks or other pestering insects available for the oxpecker birds to remove or feast upon from the host, they needed to find a new, viable food source to eat daily in order to survive (McElligott et al. , 2004). The oxpecker birds would land upon the ungulates backs and since there were no invading ticks or flesh wounds currently present, they would begin to create new or fresh ones with their bill in order to begin their feeding process (McElligott et al. , 2004). The bird would peck and pull at the rhinoceros skin with their bill until they exposed tissue or caused blood to appear (McElligott et al. , 2004). The oxpecker birds would then feast upon whatever they had created or could get a hold of (McElligott et al. , 2004). The rhinoceros would try multiple times to shake the oxpeckers off of their bodies (McElligott et al. , 2004). This technique, however, did not always prove to be helpful or useful for the animal host (McElligott et al. , 2004). The oxpecker birds would fly away from the animal’s body for a short time, but would then return once the shaking had subsided (McElligott et al. , 2004). In a similar experiment, the same technique was used but impala were used as the host animal instead of rhinoceroses (Mooring and Mundy, 2000). Oxpeckers were free to land upon the clean, captive impala as they pleased, and both the impala responses to this oxpecker bird’s presence and oxpeckers actions were recorded over a period of time (Mooring and Mundy, 2000). The impala hosts did not mind the presence of the pestering oxpecker birds at first and would mostly just ignore their overall existence and intrusion as a whole (Mooring and Mundy, 2000). Without the presence of invading ticks as a primary meal, the oxpecker birds were forced to pick at old, scarred wounds (Mooring and Mundy, 2000). The oxpecker birds would then eat the flesh and blood of the impala host and would begin to create unnecessary new wounds on their skin if no previous ones were found (Mooring and Mundy, 2000). The impala host did not agree to this kind of behavior and started to viciously shake their bodies in order to try and remove the pestering oxpecker birds (Mooring and Mundy, 2000). The oxpecker birds, however, would not let this attempt to shake them send them away (Mooring and Mundy, 2000). Eventually, the oxpeckers would return within minutes after the impalas shaking subsided (Mooring and Mundy, 2000). These few experiments showed that when the ticks were no longer a factor for a primary meal source, the oxpecker birds immediately went for the blood and flesh of theircurrent animal hosts. These experiments only portrayed a parasitic relationship between the two since the rhinoceros and impalas were only being harmed by the oxpecker birds and were not benefiting from them at all (Mooring and Mundy, 2000) (McElligott et al. , 2004). This suggests that the oxpecker birds may prefer to eat flesh in place of ticks because it is more appealing and appetizing to them. Both the rhinocero s and impala animal hosts did not tolerate the oxpecker bird’s invading behavior and tried constantly to shake the oxpeckers off or fight back, but they ultimately failed. It shows that the animals did not want the oxpeckers to invade them and supports the idea of a parasitic relationship even more. In order to further enhance and verify the conclusions of all the experiments with parasitic outcomes, oxpecker birds should be placed in different cages with ticks and a piece of raw meat or animal flesh as primary meal choices. The oxpecker birds can then be studied and observed daily to determine what meal the oxpecker bird prefers to primarily eat over a period of time. This will determine if the oxpecker bird enjoys ticks for dinner or if they are truly blood driven creatures. An experiment was done similar to this explanation to further prove that the oxpeckers wanted flesh and blood of host animals instead of ticks for meal source. Oxpecker birds were captured and were then separated into three different types of cages; one cage containing just a piece of flesh from a dead animal, one containing just ticks, and another containing both sources of food (Plantan et al. , 2009). The animals were given fresh, replacement food each day and their preference was recorded daily over a period of time (Plantan et al. , 2009). In the first cage with both of the feeding preferences present, the animal host flesh was almost always preferred as the oxpecker birds primary food source while little to almost no ticks were feasted upon in the cage (Plantan et al. , 2009). The second cage with only animal host flesh present as a food source was almost always close to being all gone or was completely eaten by the end of the day (Plantan et al. , 2009). The third cage that contained only ticks for a food source were eaten scarcely by the oxpecker birds, mainly because that was the only food source present for the oxpecker to feast upon (Plantan et al., 2009). The results of this experiment show that the oxpecker birds preferred host animal flesh over ticks. Therefore, this shows that when the oxpecker birds land upon the animal hosts, they are not looking for invading ticks to feast upon (Plantan et al. , 2009). Instead, the birds are looking for wound in order to feed upon the animal’s flesh and blood. Regar dless of all the biting and pestering done by the oxpecker birds in each of the experiments presented, the oxpecker birds also proved to be sometimes helpful and beneficial to their animal hosts when it came to the experiment referring to the rhinoceros habitats. While removing invading ticks did not always seem like a positive interaction because of the flesh and wound eating that occurred after the tick was removed, there were also some positive results due to removing them from the rhinoceros body (McElligott et al. , 2004). The removing the ticks did stop most of the spread of diseases brought upon from the ticks from entering, overtaking and evidently killing the rhinoceros host that was being invaded by the tick (McElligott et al. , 2004). The survivability of the rhinoceros host also increased drastically when any potential diseases were no longer a health risk (McElligott et al., 2004). This suggested that the oxpeckers were actually helping the rhinoceros in some way, therefore giving evidence of a mutualistic relationship (McElligott et al. , 2004). To test if this is a true observation, another piece of work focusing on invading tick disease in wildlife was thoroughly examined to see if tick removal is truly beneficial to animal ho sts (Bengis et al. , 2002). In this particular experiment, a large group of livestock was isolated into two different sections of a field (Bengis et al. , 2002). One group of livestock was exposed to ticks and other pestering insects (Bengis et al. , 2002). The other group of livestock was clear of ticks and other potential pests daily (Bengis et al. , 2002). The livestock group without any tick or pest exposure was shown to have a 47% higher survivability rate than the livestock that was exposed any type of ticks (Bengis et al. , 2002). Any of the livestock that died during the course of the experiment were examined thoroughly to determine the cause of death (Bengis et al. , 2002). The test results of the deceased livestock showed that the animal had been bitten by an infected tick that most likely transmitted the malignant disease over a period of time to the unsuspecting livestock host, which evidently killed the animal overall (Bengis et al. , 2002). Overall, these results showed that removing ticks would benefit the animal hosts by removing the infection before it began to spread (Bengis et al. , 2002). This information gives insight on the mutualistic relationships between oxpecker birds and their host animals. The invading ticks however, were not the only substances that were being pecked at and removed from the rhinoceros hosts body and hair by the oxpecker birds (McElligott et al. , 2004). These oxpecker birds were also noted and observed removing and eating other types of pestering insects, such as flies, lice and fleas, from the rhinoceros hosts body and hair (McElligott et al. , 2004). The oxpecker birds were also sometimes seen feeding upon and picking at the loose dandruff and dry, dead skin that was present all over rhinoceros hosts body and hair (McElligott et al. , 2004). The oxpecker birds were also sometimes observed removing, and discarding the compacted ear wax that was forming in the rhinoceros hosts ears (McElligott et al. , 2004). These other bodily removals by the oxpecker birds were overall helpful and beneficial to the rhinoceros hosts health and appearance, rather than causing more harm or damage to the rhinoceros (McElligott et al. , 2004). This proved to be a sign of a mutualistic relationship between the two since the oxpecker bird is not only being fed and the rhinoceros host is also being cleaned as well (McElligott et al. , 2004). In a similar experiment, oxpecker birds were observed not only removing but also eating the earwax and dandruff off of other animal hosts such as giraffes, elephants, deer, zebras, etc. (Dickman, 1992). The earwax and dandruff from the animal host’s body provided protein to the oxpecker birds, benefitting their overall health and development (Dickman, 1992). The animal hosts benefit in two separate ways from this interaction with the oxpeckers (Dickman, 1992). The animal host’s ears are cleared of all of the earwax, meaning that they can detect and hear upcoming predators more easily than with their blocked ears (Dickman, 1992). Also, the dandruff removal from the animal hosts hair and body helps prevent rashes or other irritations from developing on the animal hosts skin (Dickman, 1992). This type of removal and eating habit benefits both the animal host and the pest (the oxpecker bird) of the interaction (Dickman, 1992). Therefore, this experiment gives evidence of a possible mutualistic relationship between the two parties. In summary, all of the experiments presented for this topic represented one or both of the parasitic and mutualistic relationships of  oxpeckers birds and their ungulate hosts. Each paper represented either a similar or an alternative experiment to other experiments. Their results either gave further support to or rejected the conclusions of the experiment all together. Both types of the oxpecker bird’s relationships were thoroughly investigated and proper examples of each type of relationship were provided. After many experiments and sometimes contrary results, it has been co ncluded that the oxpeckers have more a parasitic relationship with their ungulate hosts than a mutualistic relationship. Many of the experiments presented for this topic showed the oxpecker birds in a state where they were only harming there animal host and not giving them any benefit at all (McElligott et al. , 2004). The oxpecker birds, however, should not be seen as only harmful creatures. Even though they seem to do more harm than good, they also tend to help their animal hosts with predators, spread of infection, and other overall health benefits (Bengis et al. , 2002) (McElligott et al. , 2004). This type of research on oxpecker birds is very important for future studies as well. It is suggested that the oxpecker bird is currently on the verge of going extinct (Mellanby et al. , 2009). If the oxpecker bird is truly going extinct, it is suggested to be a positive thing to the ungulates since the oxpeckers will no longer be invaded and attacked by these animals (Mellanby et al. , 2009). Their extinction, however, can also prove to be very dangerous as well. While it would prevent animal hosts from being practically eaten alive, the overall health of these animal hosts will be in jeopardy because the oxpeckers will not be able to warn hosts of predators or stop the spread of infection (Mellanby et al.  , 2009). The oxpeckers birds may be considered a parasite, but it does not mean that these birds are not needed in the environment. These birds help in more ways than are known and they should not be seen as just a threat to their hosts. Their extinction should be monitored more carefully so this species does not disappear altogether. Without this species, it is unknown what may truly happen to the animals that the oxpecker birds interact with on a daily basis. The oxpeckers should always be given the benefit of the doubt because we never know what may arise if this creature just disappeared one day.

Crime In The Netherlands Essays - Wijchen, Batenburg, Cult, Sect

Crime In The Netherlands Over the years, there has been much discussion regarding the relationship between crime and religious sects. How were crime justified? Where and how were the robberies committed? In the article Crime in the Netherlands in the sixteenth century Janzma studies the issue of robbery in relation to the Appelman-Batenburg group and the followers of Johan Willems by exploring the socioeconomic and political conditions responsible for their survival. According to the author, the Appelman-Batenburg sect was more organized than most since they had organized a criminal network of spies, locksmiths and goldsmiths. This would ensure that the loot would be well hidden and new operations could be planned. Secondly, their raids were carried out in secrecy. Since they were scattered, this allowed the group to disperse over a greater surface area. According to the author, this was a wise move, since it allowed the members to continue to steal while learning of the fate of other leaders which had been caught. On the other hand, the Johan Willem sect were more concentrated in the area around Wetzel, Guelders and Overijssel. This group comprised mostly of people who had been members of the Appelman-Batenburg group as well as those who had escaped the siege of M?nster.Unlike the Appelman-Batenburg sect, the John Willem group stole mostly from churches however did also steal from houses and monasteries. However, like the Appelman-Batenburg, they did carry out their raids in secrecy. In addition, the author also discussed the theme of violence. Although violence was rarely used during the raids, it was not uncommon for members to kill their victims or even other members to avoid being recognized. In addition, the author adds that for the Appelman-Batenburg sect, murder was also used as a ploy to not rouse the suspicion in the neighbourhood in which they robbed. The main difference between these two groups is seen in the way in which justification to commit these acts were perceived. For the Appelman-Batenburg, robbery was seen only as a temporary act. According to the author, once the town had been seized, they used it as a base from which the sinful world could be punished. They held the view that the church property belonged to them. The author adds that since the Appelman-Batenburg sect was being persecuted and killed by monks, they used robbery as a form of vengeance against the church as well as the Eucharist as well as to persuade unconvinced members to set aside their objections. On the other hand, the author states that Johan Willems group viewed themselves as God's people. They believed that a new kingdom was to be established by God with the aid of Johan Willems and that the practise of robbery and plundering would come to an end once the kingdom was founded. A final theme discussed by the author was survival of the groups. According to the author, there were two main reasons why the groups managed to survive : geography and recruitment. Since both sects were scattered, there were more possibilities to hide from the authorities. As well, the war rendered certain areas unsafe which allowed the groups to expand in more geographical areas. Recruitment for both sects contributed greatly to their survival because of the war and religious developments. According to the author, many new recruits were peasants and citizens who were dispossessed and held for ransom who would not hesitate to join them as a form of survival. In conclusion, the theme of crime in the Netherlands is a very vast one and difficult to fully understand without conducting a more thorough study of the socioeconomic and political conditions of the times as well as the study of other groups. This article serves as a introduction to the subject at hand and offers the readers the possibility of further study. As well, the article teaches us about the vulnerability of humans and their quest for survival in times of desperation. To end, could these movements have served as a background for today's society? History

Marin Luther King essays

Marin Luther King essays Martin Luther King Jnr. was born on 15 January 1929. His father, Daddy King, was the pastor at the Ebenezer Baptist Church. King took his duties beyond serving his church, and was involved with the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. This was probably the influential thing in kings (jnr.) early life that later made him accomplish what he did. King first met racism at the age of six, when a white friends father said that they could no longer play together because King was coloured. His own parents explained about slavery and also made an important point: Dont let it make you feel you are not as good as white people. Kings progress through school was fast. At 15 he went to Morehouse College, a theological college in Connecticut. Here, he expressed doubt about the value of religion, but was eventually convinced of its relevance to the civil-rights struggle. At 19 he was ordained. With a degree in sociology he went to Crozer Theological Seminary in Chester, Pennsylvania, to study for a degree in divinity He came top of his class and graduated in 1951. He went on to study for a doctorate in systematic theology at Boston University. After completing his studies, King felt that he should return home. Accompanied by his new wife, Coretta, he began work at Dexter Avenue Baptist Church in Montgomery Alabama. The church was attended mainly by the educated black middle class. Once installed, he set about organizing his congregation. His interest in the community and his effective oratory made him a popular and respected figure. Montgomery, in the Southern heartland, had strict segregation laws; for example, rules about what black passengers could and could not do on buses. Resentment at these rules ran high. On 1 December 1955, Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat to a white and was taken to jail. On 5 December the local black ministers met to discuss...

The Pilgrims and Their Life at Plymouth Colony Term Paper

The Pilgrims and Their Life at Plymouth Colony - Term Paper Example Economic and social life†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦..5 3. Conclusion †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦..5 4. References †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..6 Introduction Pilgrims are people who go on a journey regularly with oral or religious goal to a certain alien land. English Puritan Separatists created Plymouth colony, which is the original settlement of Puritan, in 1620. The Pilgrims moved from England in search for religious liberty or better livelihood. According to legends, the pilgrim arrived at Plymouth Rock, but their history does not indicate this landmark. Discussion Inhabitants started erecting structures and rough buildings for the winter season. The initial years at Plymouth colony were not easy for the pilgrims. Poverty, insufficient food, strenuous job and unpredictable weather conditions made pilgrims prone to diseases. Therefore, harsh climatic conditions and illness became a challenge to them. Towards the termination of the colder season, about half of the pilgrims were no more. Life with Indian settlers Similarly, the colonists met Samoset, an Indian who amazed them with his English, learned from the Maine coast traders. Samoset presented Massasoit to colony inhabitants, Wampanoag an Indian leader, who entered into a peace agreement with the pilgrims. Similarly, Squanto played and guidance and interpretation roles, and through his assistance, the colonists acquired corn planting, fishing and fruit gathering skills. The pilgrims welcomed the people from India to commemor ate their initial field production, presently marked as day of giving thanks. When Massasoit died, the Wampanoag joined an ethnic coalition to eliminate English settlers, but the prevailing war of King Phillip nearly eliminated the Wampanoag, (Deetz & Deetz, 2000). The colony slowly expanded, and the former Plymouth plantation Settlement extended because settlers constructed houses in the location. Plymouth colony maintained its sovereignty for more than seventy years, and in 1962, its population increased to more than seven thousand people. It was incorporated with the Organization Bay of Massachusetts to create the regal colony. Politics and government The Pilgrims obtained the lawful authority to live at the colony guided by the modern England Council in 1622. Bradford obtained the Warwick right of 1930s; the patent gave him the southern territory in Cohasset and Bay of Narragansett. Based on the patent, he could control of the whole colony, but collaborated with other settler to manage the land. After some time, surveyors established boundaries in the area joining the modern Bristol Plymouth colony and Barnstable colony as the Plymouth colony. The colony’s freemen entered into the Compact mayflower; where they together with other newly selected freemen, met at some time to discuss the colony challenges. The General Court body appointed the governor and his subordinate, made laws and imposed taxes. The leaders of pilgrims were not sure of their legal status since they inhabited the location illegally. They additionally realized they would require some disciples. Therefore, to settle the challenge, forty-one leaders met, formed and signed the mayflower Compact, the initial contract for American internal government, (Harness, 2006). The

Is science the only way to discover and describe human behavior Essay

Is science the only way to discover and describe human behavior - Essay Example Intuition appears to emerge mostly from unconscious roots (Ward, 2008). Scientists, like Sigmund Freud, tried to explain the origin and nature of intuition. But the capacity of the human mind is too profound, and goes beyond any grasp of reason. In fact, the mind, and thus human behavior, is greatly related to the Divine, or the spirit. Spirit penetrates reality (Ward, 2008). Even so, intuition in people is an ability to have visions or feelings that cannot be explained by science or rigid rationality. My behavior, personally, is at times governed by my intuition. There are times, for instance, that I feel a sense of danger or threat about something that I immediately turn away. There is one particular experience I had which confirmed my belief that intuition is not something that science can explain. When I was 22 years old, while I was at a park waiting for a friend, a boy approached me and asked for some money. He said that he had not eaten for days. But a sudden feeling of threat washed over me and I so I told the child that I have no extra money to give to him. And then out of the blue an idea came into my mind: in order to help him I must bring him to a social service agency. I told the boy that I will bring him to a place where there are people who can take care of him. The boy willingly followed me. When we reached the agency, the boy suddenly cried and thanked me. And then the big revelation came: the boy told us that he was taken by a group of men three days earlier, whi le he was playing in a public playground. These men told him to ask money from people. But because of me, the boy happily said that he can now go home. Because of this experience, I decided to ask a psychologist. She told me that what happened to me may not be intuition at all, but an outcome of prior knowledge. She told me that I may have heard, read, or knew about a syndicate that takes children, and that my decision to take the child to a social service agency was influenced by

The Impacts Of Cosmetic Surgery On Society Media Essay

The Impacts Of Cosmetic Surgery On Society Media Essay Given the advancements in technology, cosmetic surgery, a type of plastic surgery, has become more of an art than an operation nowadays. Inevitably, it has also become one of the popular avenues of fighting against signs of ageing or correcting ones self perceived imperfections. According to Medical-Dictionary.Com, Cosmetic surgery is defined as surgery that modifies or improves the appearance of a physical feature, irregularities or defects. It belongs to the family of plastic surgeries that also includes various types of surgeries like  reconstructive surgery,  hand surgery,  microsurgery, and the treatment of  burns, with cosmetic surgery being the most well known among them all. For the eyes, we have cosmetic surgeries like, blepharoplasty that reshapes the eyelids or allows the application of permanent eyeliner, epicanthoplasty that removes the presence of epicanthal folds around the eye. For the face, we have surgeries like, chemical peel that helps minimize the appearance of facial scars and wrinkles, otoplasty that involves reshaping the ear by pinning the protruding ear closer to the head, lip enhancement that improves lips fullness through surgical enlargement, chin augmentation that involves implanting usually silicone by sliding genioplasty of the jawbone or by suture of the soft tissue, cheek augmentation that uses implants to either reduce the cheeks or make them appear fuller, browplasty that elevates eyebrows and smoothes forehead skin, midface life that tightens the cheek while the most extreme of them all would be orthognathic surgery that manipulates facial bones through controlled fracturing. For modifying our bodily features, we have surgeries like, breast augmentation that allows the enlargement of breast by means of fat grafting, saline or silicone gel prosthetics, reduction mammoplasty that enables breast reduction through skin and glandular removal and mastopexy that facilitates breast lifts that lifts and reshapes breasts to make them less saggy, abdominoplasty that reshapes and firms the abdomen, buttock augmentation that facilitates lifting and tightening of buttocks by excision of redundant skin, liposuction that removes fat deposits by traditional suction technique or ultrasonic energy to aid fat removal and last but not least, filler injections that can be done on any part of the body that involves injecting collagen, fat and other tissue filler injections, usually to make those parts appear fuller. After introducing this much details about the types of cosmetic surgery techniques made possible by technological advancements available now and today, I would be elaborating more on how the availability of cosmetic technological surgeries have impacted our society through prevalent forms of mediums that we are exposed to everyday inevitably. The main and most influential mediums would have to be the media and peer pressure from friends and families. Let us take a closer look at the types of media and societal mediums available. Movie Industry Movies is probably one of the most common mediums that we get exposed to and indulge in. To get a better understanding on the gross profits of movies, we refer to The-Numbers.Com. According to the website, Avatar raked a worldwide gross of US$2,783,556,202 while Titanic earned a gross profit of US$1,842,879,955. These figures gives us a better insight on how widely watched are movies and the impacts these charming celebrities can have on society. This brought to my point that some celebrities influence us when some of them are actually very open about the fact that they have had cosmetic surgeries such as breast implants, lip augmentations, veneers and rhinoplasties while some others deny it. Some of the famous examples include, Heidi Montag, Joan Rivers, Bruce Jenner, Dolly Parton, Donatella Versace, Michael Jackson and so on. They have openly admitted to having gone under the knife and some have even shared their experiences on television, according to Cosmeticsurgerytoday.Com and Sydney4women.Com.Au. The general public tend to look up to these figures of fame and glamour while aspiring to look like them. In the more extreme cases, plastic surgeons do get requests from patients saying that they want to look like a certain celebrity as extracted from Cosmeticsurgerytoday.Wordpress.Com. However, plastic surgeons do warn celebrity worshippers against it as the results are not guaranteed and there are side effects to it. Advertising Industry In the advertising industry, we often see the application of celebrity endorsements in adverts, with the aim of increasing the masss likelihood of adopting the brand under the effect of wanting to imitate the behaviour of their idols and that if they adopt this brand, they are, in one way or another, one step closer to that celebrity by offering their support to him or her. For example, in adverts featuring sports products, they often employ the use of sporty figures in the sports industry to present that sporty and healthy image that you can be as sporty and healthy like them; enjoying the stated benefits of that product should you adopt that brand of sports products too. Apart from misleading the public through this persuasion method, it also transmits vanity values and materialistic ideals into the younger generations of now and today. We always depict slim, slender feministic figures as much sought of in advertisements like for perfume, fashion products or even facial products but rarely anything about females being attractive in their own skin regardless of their shape and size as it should be. This creates the impression that only slim and slender ladies are beautiful and is in fact, piling onto the vanity effect. This would fuel onto desires to go under the knife to look pretty and desired by the society, often neglecting the fact that only positive testimonials on cosmetic surgeries are featured and the botched cases are more widespread than we realize. Societal Norms As we all know, there has been drastic changes in societal norms comparing todays trends and levels of acceptances to cosmetic surgeries compared to just a few decades ago. In the past, it used to be a shameful thing to have gone under the knife, because features that we are born with are inherited from our parents. However, much as the majority are now higher educated and richer to afford these surgeries, it has become a norm to go under the knife so long as the end results make one happier and more confident. In South Korea, it is more competitive than ever about whose kids are looking better than it being conservative. Dr Shim Hyung Bo, a plastic surgeon in Seoul says that parents make their kids get plastic surgery to look good and it is just as important as their kids getting good grades while teenagers as young as 14 are doing eye surgeries and eye jobs have become a favourite high school graduation gift from proud parents as quoted from Time.Com. Much as countries like Singapore itself may be more conservative and Asian-oriented, we are also starting to move towards the more acceptable kind of surgeries like blepharoplasty that reshapes eyelids, liposuctions that removes body fats and also rhinoplasty as admitted and righteously justified by famous blogger, Xiaxue as reported by media coverage on papers and also on her own blog, Xiaxue.Blogspot.Com. Furthermore, it is to be brought to attention that most of Xiaxues readers ages range from teens to adults and this may greatly influence the highly impressionable younger generations. Publication Industries The amount of printed media that we come into contact with everyday also heavily endorses cosmetic surgery procedures such as newspapers that features stars who have undergone or is suspected of having gone under the knife or magazines that actually help disseminate knowledge about certain procedures. The higher the frequency the society is exposed to such genres of information and news updates, we are more likely to accept the idea of cosmetic surgery under classical conditioning and also may become interested to research for more information on our own. Some individuals who may not have the idea to want any form of cosmetic surgery would be tempted to go for it should they be awed by the results, for example, after surfing websites like Goodplasticsurgery.Com. This is a website where they compile plausible photos and brief descriptions of celebrities who have gone under the knife and looks more gorgeous than ever. Apart from the entertainment values of such websites, it is not to be neglected that it might be acting as a medium in piling onto the misleading fact that having cosmetic surgeries done is pretty much desirable and offers amazing results. On the other hand, there are websites like Sydney4women.Com.Au that also provides links to websites that offers recommendable surgeons as a related link to its cosmetic surgery articles. For the website, the link might just be an avenue for earning advertisement fees but to the public, it is actually a form of raising the accessibility of avenues to get cosmetic surgeries done. Advantages of Cosmetic Surgery The most straightforward of cosmetic surgery has to be the benefits of aesthetic improvements to ones looks. For a burn victim, it would drastically improve his or her life due to the fact that they can minimize the damages inflicted on them to the best of their probabilities. For a female who has been teased at all her life about her appearance, cosmetic surgery might just be the easiest way out to improve her social life, her confidence and also the way she would lead her life post surgery, example as stated from Neikie Renos real life account as on Abcnews.Go.Com. Another advantage of cosmetic surgery would be to correct physical defects that may have resulted from accidents after birth or defects that they may have been born with since birth and cosmetic surgery may actually give them a shot at leading normal lives as quoted from Cosmeticsurgerya-z.Com. On the other hand, patients who have gone under the knife for liposuction and breast reduction may find their lives greatly enhanced in terms of being physically active in leading sporty lifestyles that helps them to be healthier than they can ever imagine. Disadvantages of Cosmetic Surgery One of the most crippling disadvantages of cosmetic surgery is that the results may not come out as desired or envisioned. All surgeries carry some degree of risks and much as complications are rare, they do occur. Some of the most common risks associated with cosmetic surgery are, infections, severe bleeding, nerve damages, tissue deaths, seroma which is more widely understood as fluid collecting around the area of surgery and hematoma which refers to bruising around the area in layman terms. Blood clots and deep vein thrombosis are also possible complications of cosmetic surgery. Besides, some complications may be enhanced if the patient has certain health conditions such as diabetes that may result in massive bleeding as cited from Livestrong.Com. In terms of post surgery appearance, unsightly scarring is also a major concern as it may also prove to be a tell tale sign that the patient has undergone surgery previously. Putting the medical side effects aside, cosmetic surgery on its own is also costly and the costs stated by clinics are usually only the base cost of the procedure and surgeon fees, hospital fees, along with lost wages, medication costs and after care costs must be factored in when considering the costs of going under the knife. Last but not least, the point that may be the most interesting and scary of all to date is the fact that accounts stating that people actually DO get addicted after having their first surgeries done. As reported by Abcnews.Go.Com, Neikie Reno actually got obsessed with cosmetic surgery procedures and has had 14 surgeries done over the span of over a decade, spending a grand total of $83,000 on them all. Although it is the fact that they are addicted to the feel good factor after having these surgeries which may not be a bad thing, however, as addictions go, many might not know when to stop and this may have disastrous effects on them eventually. Conclusion Much as cosmetic surgeries have the ability to improve our lives, it also has the ability to mislead our judgements. The very fact that media mediums propagate the idea of being good looking brings about better and easier lives by earning the envy of others. All these does not help impressionable viewers to break off and move away from the norms of being a superficial, vain and materialistic individuals that cannot think for themselves independently. In the long term, our younger generations will all be cultivated into this look good, feel good mindset, no matter the costs or side effects of these cosmetic surgeries. It is also to be taken into account that this effect would snowball as most of us are inclined to follow each others actions under peer pressure, social norms or trends as often portrayed by the media. Much as Everyones Guide to Cosmetic Plastic Surgery written by Lachlan Currie says that modern cosmetic surgery has evolved into a specialist field which involves the use of numerous reliable techniques that allows safe improvements to be made to the face and body, I still think that everyones body constitution is different and there is no one method that insures all individuals against any complications. On the other hand, Cosmetic Surgery of the Asian Face written by John A. McCurdy, Samuel M. Lam has also pointed out expertly that although the stereotype of Asians having yellow skin pigmentation, straight coarse black hair, a flat face with high malar eminences, a broad, flat nose and narrow slitlike eyes with a characteristic epicanthal fold may be loosely applied to the eastern Asian group of people, the aesthetic surgeon should appreciate that considerable individual variations exists in all of these physical traits. This adds on to the point that much as cosmetic surgeries are meant to bring about aesthetic facial improvements, the patient would have to know their own features well and not to blindly go under the knife to look like some Western celebrity despite knowing their Asian descent that might bring about unsatisfactory results after all that post surgery trauma. In a nutshell, I am totally agreeable to cosmetic surgeries so long as it is done to improve ones life and that individual is able to judge for themselves their own limit and had done sufficient research on their own prior to going under the knife.

Circumstances Surrounding Osama Bin Laden’s Death

Joe Jumper was a normal everyday person like most adults. He would get up from bed and get ready for the day by showering and eating. Then he would drive off to Walmart where he worked as a cash register. But something was different about Joe everyone noticed that he carried around a bag and when asked what was inside he would never tell. So that being people thought he was weird and he was kind of an outcast. Joe didn’t care what those people thought because in the end he probably ended up saving them.What was in the bag was his suit of all black. His secret indentity was Night Rider. As Night Rider he patrolled the city at night of course or on his offdays. People really didn’t know who he was but were very thankful of him. So one night when he was out his head just started twitching and he could sense danger. So he looked around and for some reason it took him to the Vikings Stadium. He went inside and went to the Away team’s locker room. Well in there he foun d out the reason why he got the twitch. Aaron Rodgers.Night Rider loved the Minnesota Vikings so to help them out he spit fire near Rodgers which made him jump back. Then Night Rider snoke in the shadows and got behind Rodgers. Then he tied him up, taped his mouth shut, and locked him in the janitor’s room. The game was about to start so he went and found a good seat in stands. He watched the game and saw the Vikings blow out the Packers mainly because they couldn’t find Rodgers. So the Packers went home and Joe thought he forgot something somewhere in the stadium. Well I guess it doesn’t matter I better get home before someone notices me.

Resourcing Talent †Aneta Bar Essay

In this report we will look at Resourcing Talent in organisation. Talent Planning describes an organisation’s commitment to recruit, retain, and develop talented employees to meet organisational needs. Factors that affect an organisation’s approach to attracting talent: There are many factors that affect an organisation’s approach to attracting talent, one of them being the image of the organisation. This has a great influence on attracting talent. An organisation with a good image may find it easier to attract and retain employees. The image of the company is based on what they do and how they are perceived. Actions like good public relations can help earn image. Also branded companies may find it easier to recruit, compared to a nameless brand. This is because they are better known to the public and therefore they have more to offer candidates such as higher salaries, benefits and bonuses. Another factor that influences attracting talent is the size of the organisation. Larger organisations may find it easier to attract talent. At Bupa where I am currently employed for as a large company is in a better position financially for recruitment and advertising and is able to attract a wider range of applicants to choose from. The size and reputation of the company has also an impact on potential candidates.The unemployment rate also has an important part to play in attracting talent. If the unemployment rate is high, it is easier for an organisation to attract talent, as the number of candidades applying for jobs is higher too. It makes it easier to attract the best-qualified applicants. Another factor is supply and demand. This refers to the availability of manpower internally and externally to the organisation. Organisations need to consider the current supply and demand. Some companies have a higher demand for more professionals and there may be a limited supply in their market. They may have to rely on internal sources by providing them with training and development. Organisation benefits of attracting and retaining a diverse workforce: It is increasingly important to attract and retain a diverse workforce. This means organisations should ensure they recruit and retain the best person from the talent base regardless of gender, sexual orientation, age, race, religion, or disability, and there are many benefits to this. It improves the knowledge of how to operate business in different cultures and countries. Diverse workforce can bring new ideas, cultural, and educational experiences which will be of great benefit to the organisation. Also employees that can speak different languages can be seen to be valuable assets to the organisation. Companies become better placed to understand international markets and represent different customers, which allows them to expand their business in different countries. It will reduce the risk of discrimination claims which means organisations should be kept up to date regarding employment legislation. Factors that affect an organisation’s approach to recruitment and selection: The recruitment and selection process is one of the biggest factors that affect an organisation’s approach to recruitment and selction as they have budget and cost restraints. If a business is financially secure than they can spend more money on the best recruitment and selection methods. Before an organisation starts the recruitment and selection process they also need toconsider the budget that is available. The company may not be able to offer attractive benefits to attract the best candidates, which could put them behind their competitors. To avoid this disadvantage online recruitment websites instead of agencies to headhunt candidates can be used achieving similar result. Another factor that can be taken to account is that some organisations have recruitment policies, which aim to provide clear guidance to managers in relation to the selection and appointment of staff. This provides them with a structured process for everyone to adhere to and ensures candidates are assessed fairly, valued and treated with respect. These policies also ensure the organisation is consistent with employment legislation. HR planning is also a key factor affecting the approach to recruitment and selection. HR planning and the recruitment and selection  process are highly related to each other. The objective of recruitment is decided in HR planning. It allows HR managers to do an analysis of the organisational needs. An example of this could be the organisational strategy may determine the need for graduates in a graduate scheme to change the organisational structure for which they will ask the HR function to conduct recruitment and selection process for hiring graduates only. Benefits of different recruitment and selection methods: There are a number of methods an organisation can use in order to recruit staff. Recruitment agencies are an effective tool as they save valuable management time and they can also decrease the administratve load for the organization. It can also remove a lot of unnecessary stress and hassle. Internal recruitment is another method used. It is cheaper and may be quicker to recruit. It also provides opportunities for promotion within the organisation, which can be motivating for staff, and they are aware of the strengths and weaknesses of internal candidates. The Internet is now a popular recruitment method that comes with many benefits. Online recruitment allows the organisation to reach a large number of candidates quicker and is cheaper. Many organisations are now using social networking sites such as Facebook, LinkedIn, and Twitter. As for selection methods online Screening & shortlisting is used very often. Initial screening of applications is usually based on an assessment of a candidate’s experience and qualifications against the job’s requirements. Scoring mechanism – easy to see how well someone fits the requirements/ easy to sort into areas of strengths Interviews remain the most common selection method, with competency-based interviews being the most popular across all sectors. All organisations continue to conduct interviews face-to-face but increasing numbers also use telephone interviews (56%) and nearly a third also use video or Skype interviews. to Face interaction – get to know the candidate. (CIPD factsheet p. 4 http://www.cipd.co.uk/resourcingtalentedplanningsurvey Face] [accessed 01 May 2014] Application Forms & CV’s. Application Forms – Ensures same information gained from all candidates to help achieve consistency.  Application forms – Makes th e selection process more fair on the other hand CV’s – benefit more applicant as existing CV can be updated and tailored to the job quickly (website used – http://employers.grb.uk.com/selection-methods, [accessed 01 May 2014] Explains at least 3 perposes of induction and how they benefit individuals and organisations: Induction is the process of introducing a new employee into the organisation. The responsibility for an induction should be shared between HR, line management, and learning and devlopment functions. There are many benefits for the new recruit as well as the organisation. A good induction reinforces positive first impressions and makes new employees feel welcome and ready to contribute fully. It is a good way to familiarise a new emploee with the culture, practices, policies, and procedures of the organisation, which will have an impact later on how they carry out their duties. In addition to this there are ‘public relations’ benefits from carrying out effective induction as an employee impressed by their choice of employer may advertise the fact and make it easier to attract new employees. Good induction also prepares the employee to compete better in a competitive marketplace, which has a direct impact on their early success and therefore also motivates the employee. In the organisation I currently work for they want people to be happy to work there and to excel in their role. Keep the excitement of starting in a new role alive with a well-planned induction. There are always some policies to learn but there should also be some thought-provoking videos to watch and some really interesting people to meet. As a sign of improvement they are planning are launching the BBS’ induction on Bupa Learn. There is also a new starter checklist for managers with an induction plan and sign off list for new starters. It is important for an organisation to use a number of methods for recruiting and selecting candidates as it has a significant impact on the future of the business. Attracting and retaining a diverse workforce is also of huge importance as it enables the organisation to attract the best talent. Lastly effective induction is crucial too. It helps the new employee to know the company better and integrate. It can also help new emploee to compete better in a competitive marketplace. Online references: CIPD Resourcing talented planning survey p.4 [online]; factsheet, [accessed 01 May 2014] http://employers.grb.uk.com/selection-methods, [accessed 01 May 2014] http://www.cipd.co.uk/hr-resources/factsheets/diversity-workplace-overview.aspx, [accessed 01 May 2014] Activity B – Interview Observation Content: 1. Job description & person specification 2. Job ad 3. Selection criteria 4. Shortlisting record 5. List of Interview questions 6. Interview assessment form 7. Notes 8. List of records from R&S process which will be retained with explanation of the legal requirements 9. Letter to both successful and unsuccessful applicants 1. Job description & person specification RETAIL GROUP JOB DESCRIPTION JOB TITLE: Human Resources Officer REPORTS TO: Store Manager DEPARTMENT: Human Resources SECTION: Human Resources for Brighton Retail Group Branch CONTRACT HOURS: LOCATION Permanent 25 hours Brighton PURPOSE OF JOB To manage all staffing and training duties associated with the running of a store with 150 employees. To provide a high quality customer focussed HR service and administrative service, dealing with both internal and external customers. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTABILITIES To manage the staffing of the Brighton Retail Group branch which includes recruitment, processing leavers and absence management To contribute towards designing and administering training for all new and existing staff in the Brighton Retail Group branch, liaising with the Learning & Development team to arrange training where necessary. Administer all basic transactional HR processes in accordance with legislation, Retail Group’s policy and good practice Maintain employee data on the HR systems, ensuring accuracy of data Complete electronic and manual documentation related to transactional HR processes within statutory and operational deadlines Electronically file HR documents and manage workloads efficiently Provide general administrative support General Accountabilities Respond to written and verbal enquiries from internal and external customers To co-operate in the implementation of the Retail Group’s Health and Safety policy To report any unsafe act, or condition, any accident or incident according to Health and Safety Policy To uphold and carry out the duties of the post with due regard to the Retail Group’s Inclusive Company Policy. The list of duties in the job description should not be regarded as exclusive or exhaustive. There will be other duties and requirements associated with your job and, in addition, as a term of your employment you may be required to undertake various other duties as may reasonably be required. Your duties will be as set out in the above job description but please note that Retail  Group reserves the right to update your job description, from time to time, to reflect changes in, or to, your job. RETAIL GROUP PERSON SPECIFICATION JOB TITLE: Human Resources Officer SALARY:  £27,000 –  £30,000 DEPARTMENT: Human Resources SECTION: Human Resources for Brighton Retail Group Branch Essential Job Related Education, Qualifications and Knowledge GCSE pass, or equivalent, in Maths and English Essential Experience Experience working in an HR environment with practical knowledge of a generalist HR role Experience with contributing towards designing and delivering training Experience of working in a customer focused environment Able to demonstrate a commitment to the principles of Equality Act 2010 and to be able to carry out duties in accordance with the Retail Group’s Equalities Policy Desirable Experience Experience working in a retail environment Essential Skills and Abilities Good written and oral communication skills Good organisational as well as ability to prioritise workload efficiently. Good administrative skills Good ICT skills including knowledge of Microsoft Office and data management systems Ability to deal with confidential and sensitive information Ability to accurately process a high volume of work in a busy and highly pressured office environment and work to strict deadlines Good team working skills and the ability to use own initiative Ability to coach and support other members of staff Ability to establish and develop working relationships with internal and external customers. Desirable Skills and Abilities Ability to liaise with other teams and members of staff to ensure work is completed Flexible approach and a willingness to adapt to change. Other Requirements Commitment to acquiring awareness and knowledge of Health and Safety policy and practice as it applies in the work area and ability to adhere to practices and instructions 2. Job ad Job Title: Human Resource Officer Company: Retail Group Contract type: Permanent, Part time (25 hours per week) Closing Date: 1st April 2014 Interview Date: 30th April 2014 Salary:  £27,000 –  £30,000 Retail Group is a group of constantly evolving brands and has experienced incredible growth over the last few years. We need talented, dynamic and creative people to join us on this exciting journey. We are seeking an enthusiastic and experienced HR Officer to join their popular and effervescent Brighton store team. At Retail Group, we pride ourselves on giving our staff the tools they need to not only perform their role to a high standard, but to excel at it and build a successful career in an exciting and fast paced environment, with a selection of benefits including competitive salary. If you’re ambitious, forward thinking, passionate about providing excellent customer service and have experience of working in an HR role previously, this opportunity could be for you. The role will involve managing the staffing and training of the Brighton Retail Group branch which includes recruitment, processing leavers and absence management, maintaining the HR system, contributing towards designing and administering training for all new and existing staff in the Brighton Retail Group branch, liaising with the Learning & Development team to arrange training where necessary and other administrative duties. The contract is being offered on a permanent basis working 3 days a week, and is ideal for someone seeking to continue with their professional development with a high profile organisation. Please  see the job description and person specification attached for further information regarding the role. If you would like to be part of our company please visit our website and apply online. Please submit a brief Supporting Statement showing how your skills, knowledge and experience meet the person specification of the post. We are passionate about equal opportunitie s and welcome a broad diversity of talent to apply. Based on the above the candidates that were shortlisted for the interview are Sarah Green and Georgia Black. They achieved the highest scores and on that base they will be invited for the competency based questions interview on 30/04/2014. Introduction The HR department has followed a recruitment process for filling a vacancy request for â€Å"HR Officer† at Retail Group. The recruitment process outlined below highlights the main elements for filling this vacancy, which includes: Planning, Resourcing and Selection. Planning: Identifying need for recruitment. Setting the criteria for the job (drafting job description, person specifications, set of skills and competencies) Resourcing: drafting a job advertisement. Shortlisting: interview-based competency which at the moment are very popular among recruiters. Selection: Offer of the Employment Reason for Recruitment There are three main reasons why we are recruiting for the position of â€Å"HR Officer† at our company: 1) Growth in Business Operations: Our insurance company is growing and consequently the business is increasing. We need employ an additional staff member to manage the growing number increasing set of responsibilities and functions at the Brighton Office. 2) Change in Business Objectives: Need for diversity in terms of nationality. 3) Employee Exit: the person previously in charge running the overall office services at the Brighton Office has been re-located to another branch. A new team member is required to run the existing operation and ensure efficiency and control over the team and in case of additional functions. 5. Shortlisting criteria 6. List of Interview questions INTERVIEW 1: SARAH GREEN Welcome – Lydia (2 minutes) Welcome, introductions and reason for so many people (Lydia, store manager, Aneta HR Manager, Staurt HR Manager, Ester Head of Retail Operations) Drink before we start?  Applied for HR Officer, managing the staffing and training duties associated with our Brighton branch and providing a customer focussed HR and administrative service. Structure of interview – Time, number of questions, competency based questions, feel free to ask questions or ask us to repeat anything your not sure about Will be taking notes during interview, these along with your application form and details will be kept confidentially in line with the DPA on record for 6 months Question 1 – Lydia: Can you give us an example of when you have used your initiative within a team and what was the outcome? (4 minutes) Question 2 – Stuart: Can you describe a time when you have given excellent customer service? (4 minutes) Question 3– Ester: Can you give us an example of a time you have dealt successfully with a situation that didn’t go according to plan? (4 minutes) Question 4– Aneta: Can you give us an example of when you contributed to designing and delivering a training plan? (4 minutes) Close Aneta: Do you have any questions? Can I just check you’re happy with the proposed hours of 25 a week over 3 days? Salary confirmed at offer stage, subject to experience (27-30k) We have some other candidates to interview within the next few days. We will make a final decision within the next week We hope for the successful candidate to start at the end of May, subject to pre-employment checks and length of notice period If you wish to contact us with any questions or concerns in the meantime please do hesitate to contact any of us. INTERVIEW 2: GEORGIA BLACK Welcome- Ester Good afternoon thank you for coming, please take a sit. These are my colleagues (Lydia, store manager, Aneta HR Manager, Staurt HR Manager, and I am Ester Head of Retail Operations). Can I get you anything to drink? I hope the information we sent you by email was helpful to find us. So how did you hear from us? What did you hear about our company? â€Å"We are a retail company with 30 stores in the UK, and our company is growing every year. Our Brighton store opened a year ago, and we’re looking for an HR Officer to join our team of 150 employees. The interview will last around 20 minutes,  and we’ll each ask you a question Will be taking notes during interview, these along with your application form and details will be kept confidentially in line with the DPA on record for 6 months Question 1– Ester: Can you give us an example of a time you have dealt successfully with a situation that didn’t go according to plan? (4 minutes) Question 2 – Lydia: Can you give us an example of when you have used your initiative within a team and what was the outcome? (4 minutes) Question 3– Aneta: Can you give us an example of when you contributed to designing and deli vering a training plan? (4 minutes) Question 4 – Stuart: Can you describe a time when you have given excellent customer service? (4 minutes) Close Stuart: Thank you for attending today’s interview. That completes our questions for you – do you have anything you would like to ask us? Can I just check you’re happy with the proposed hours of 25 a week over 3 days? Salary confirmed at offer stage, subject to experience (27-30k) We have further candidates to interview, but will be looking to make a decision within the next week, so you should hear from us no later than 1 week time. We’re hoping for the successful candidate to start at the end of May. Once we have made our decision we will also be happy to provide feedback should you wish to receive it. All offers will be made on basis of receiving 2 satisfactory references – are you able to provide these? In the meantime, if you think of any questions after you leave, please feel free to get in touch with us and we’ll be happy to help. 7. Notes INTERVIEW 1: Candidate’s Name: SARAH GREEN Post: HR OFFICER Panelists: Aneta, Stewart, Lydia, Ester Date: 30th April 2014 Score: 77.8% * Candidate seemed confident and has a positive attitude, * Demonstrated interest in working for RETAIL GROUP, * Implemented a train plan to motivate staff and improve sales as hadn’t hit target for 6 months. Since doing this, has increased sales. * She has knowledge on how to combine HR and some training experience within self and safety. Also the candidate has the experience of delivering induction to new starters, (not to large group though), *Gave an example about helping an internal customer service to achieve their goals and in the same time she shown her own initiative, * Displayed experience in presentation design and delivery through her work in committees , * Displayed fluency in English, * Able to express herself easily, * Low tone, needed more time to think but when speaking but confident, *Asked few questions at the end of the interview re benefits and working hours, * She is interested in the job as she feels that it would provide growth to her career, INTERVIEW 2 Candidate’s Name: GEORGIA BLACK Post: HR OFFICER Panelists: Aneta, Stewart, Lydia, Ester Date: 30th April 2014 Score: 88% * Candidate seemed confident and has a positive attitude. *Described previous retail experience in retail – currently not working in this sector but showed interest to work in retail again as enjoyed it in the past, * Displayed training experience and skills with large groups (40+) as per her role at Sussex University (developed and delivered a new system that combines IT and HR,) *Provided example about employee who didn’t receive their salary in their last month and Georgia had to communicate/liaise with other teams, including senior members of staff, to resolve the problem calmly, resulting in the employee being paid correctly. * Doesn’t do any administrative tasks at her current job only checking employment contracts where there is a problem, * Able to communicate with senior managers and entry level employees *Provided good customer service to an internal customer (employee) who hadn’t had their induction so took it upon herself  to carry this out and the customer was very happy and felt well integrated af ter. * Described previous experience inn working within a tight timeframe and prioritizing tasks according to an action plan. (currently her deadlines are quite flexible), *Asked if she could work from start 10 am – 6pm due to childcare, *Asked for 10K more due to the extensive experience, Selection criteria 8. List of records from R&S process which will be retained with explanation of the legal requirements The information may be requested about any disability that might affect someone’s application – for instance if there are any reasonable adjustments that the organisation may make to assist in the application process or in the job itself. Recruitment records should be kept for a period of time, perhaps six months, in case of any discrimination challenge, or if a vacancy occurs and the organisation believes that any previous applicants may be suitable – it can provide a short cut in the recruitment process. That is, for compliance purposes it is essential not only to retain records but to be able to access them for mandatory self-audit and government reporting as required. As per the above the records from the interview with Ms Sara Green & Ms Georgia Blackthat will be retained and these are as following: Job descriptions, setting out the purpose, duties and responsibilities of each job, Person specification, setting out the characteristics and competencies necessary in the person who is best suited to perform the job, A list of question asked during the interview process, An interview assessment form, Notes from the interview, A copy of passport, A copy of proof of Right to Work in the UK, Source: http://www.acas.org.uk/media/pdf/7/r/B03_1.pdf), p. 5